Comparison of selected CD45+ cell subsets’ response and cytokine levels on exhaustive effort among soccer players

Abstract

SummaryBackgroundImmunological alterations may led to the reduction in capacity and endurance levels in elite athletes by e.g. increased susceptibility to infections. There is a need to explain the impact of intensive physical effort on the CD4+memory T cell subsets.MethodsFourteen participants median aged 19 years old (range 17–21 years) were recruited form Pogoń Szczecin S.A., soccer club. They performed progressive efficiency test on mechanical treadmill until exhaustion twice: during preparatory phases to spring and autumn competition rounds. We examined the influence of exhaustive effort on the selected CD45+, especially CD4+memory T cell subsets and inflammation markers determined before, just after the test and during recovery time.ResultsSignificant changes in total CD45+cells and decrease in T lymphocytes percentage after the run was observed. Significant fluctuations in T cells’ distribution were related not only to the changes in Th or Tc subsets but also to increase in naïve T cell percentage during recovery. Increase in TNF-α and IL-8 post-exercise, IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels in recovery was also found.ConclusionsThe novel finding of our study is that the run performed on mechanical treadmill caused a significant release of CD4+T naïve cells into circulation. Post-exercise increase in circulating NK cells is related with fast biological response to maximal effort. However, at the same time an alternative mechanism enhancing inflammation is involved.

T helper cell-related changes in peripheral blood induced by progressive effort among soccer players

“…Moreover, exercise of high and very high intensity increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infections in contrast to regular moderate intensity physical activity [36,42,44,45]. Our previous study showed that Th cells play an important role in regulation and modulation of the immune response to progressive effort until exhaustion performed on a mechanical treadmill [20,35]. The present study confirms that the immune response induced by the progressive effort is associated with the Th1 but not Th2 cell subset.…”

“…On the other hand, an increase in IL-4 levels observed only in the Beep group suggests more rapid pro-inflammatory response even though there were no significant increases in the percentage of Th2 cells. As was found in our previous study, NK cells are the most intensively recruited immediately after the endurance effort [35]. The role of posteffort responses related to NK cells may explain this phenomenon.…”

“…The measurement of selected cytokines, namely interleukin-2 (IL-2), -4 (IL-4), -6 (IL-6), -8 (IL-8), -10 (IL-10), 12p70 (IL-12p70), -17A (IL-17A), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), was performed using BD Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Inflammatory Cytokines Kit (BD Biosciences) and analysed using the BD Accuri™ C6 flow cytometer according to manufacturer's protocol, as previously described [20,35]. For each sample, the fluorescence signal of 2100 events gated for capture beads population was measured.…”

“…There is a great deal of data demonstrating that it is a short-term disorder and the physiological explanation of this observation is post-effort dehydration [36][37][38][39][40][41]. Haematological analysis performed up to 24 hours after intensive effort showed the presence of young subsets of leucocytes in peripheral blood [17,18,35]. Taking the pleiotropic role of different leucocyte subsets in formation of immunity into account, it seems that their participation in the activation of the post-effort immune response pathways is as significant as it is in the case of response to antigenic stimuli.…”

The Influence of a Health-Related Fitness Training Program on Motor Performance as Well as Hematological and Biochemical Parameters

“…Taking the fact that WBC parameters (count and percentages of total WBC and their subpopulations) are the markers of general health status into account, the observed results of the present study may be considered as positive and confirming properly prescribed training loads and organism's adaptation to them. Our previous works revealed post-effort increase in WBC parameter values caused not so much by the dehydration but related to immunological response to performed exercise [58][59][60].…”