Comparison of Protective Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis against Gastric Ulceration in Rats

Abstract

This study focused on the protective effects of different types of propolis extracts on gastric mucosa in indomethacininduced rats. The animals were divided into nine groups: control, negative control (ulcer), positive control (omeprazole), and experimental groups, which were summarized by 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based and ethanol, respectively. According to the histopathological evaluation, more than others, the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of aqueous-based propolis extracts had different degrees of positive effects on the gastric mucosa. Generally, the biochemical analyses of the gastric tissue showed a correlation with microscopic evaluations. According to the phenolic profile analysis, while pinocembrin (684.34 � 1.70 μg/ml) and chrysin (540.54 � 9.06 μg/ml) were the most abundant phenolics in the ethanolic extract, ferulic acid (53.77 � 0.07 μg/ml) and pcoumaric acid (52.61 � 0.42 μg/ml) dominated the aqueousbased extract. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract showed almost nine-fold superiority compared to the aqueous-based extracts. Based on data from preclinical data, it was decided that the best doses for the main goal of the study were 200 mg and 400 mg/kg, bw for aqueous-based propolis extract.

Chemical Analysis and in Vitro Antiviral Effects of Northeast Türkiye Propolis Samples against HSV‐1

“…[6] Propolis is being used in traditional medicine since it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, anticancer, antifungal, and wound healing properties through these phenolic compounds. [7][8][9][10] Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) is a DNA virus that mostly infects the skin and mucous membranes. Contact with herpetic lesions or oral secretions may cause an HSV-1 infection.…”

“…Phenolic acids, esters, flavonoids, terpenes, β‐steroids, aromatic aldehydes, and alcohols are important organic components present in propolis [6] . Propolis is being used in traditional medicine since it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐ulcer, anticancer, antifungal, and wound healing properties through these phenolic compounds [7–10] …”