Background:Lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne, multi-systemic infectious disease that is thought to be wide spread in Turkey even though studies on its seroprevalence are limited.Aims:To determine the seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in part of north-eastern Tur-key (in the city of Trabzon), and to identify possible relationships between seropositivity and various factors such as location, gender, age group, occupation, income, and educational level.Study Design:Retrospective cross-sectional study.Methods:A total of 884 blood samples collected from provincial and district health centers serving a population of about 800,000 were included in this study. ELISA was used to determine the anti-Borrelia IgG antibody levels in the samples. Samples that yielded positive results by ELISA were further subjected to western blot (WB).Results:IgG antibodies were found in 128 samples (14.5%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between age groups and educational levels in terms of the incidence of seropositivity, whereas location, gender, occupational group and income level had no effect (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.948, p=0.645, p=0.131, p=0.080 respectively).Conclusions:The risk of contracting Lyme borreliosis in Trabzon is high, and necessary measures need to be taken to avoid the spread of disease.
The goal of the work is to determine the bioactive pharmaceutical metabolites produced by the Fusarium oxysporum YP9B isolate. Ten new natural compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the F. oxysporum YP9B strain. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods using 1D and 2D NMR, UV, FT-IR, and mass spectra (LC-QTOF MS and GC-FID/MS). Identified compounds were named as; (1-benzyl-2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate (1), 2-oxo-8-azatricyclo[9.3.1.13,7]-hexadeca-1(15),3(16),4,6,11,13-hexaen-10-one (2), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic, hexadecanoic anhydride (3a), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic (9Z)-octadecenoic anhydride (3b), 2,3-dihydroxy-propanoic (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoic anhydride (3c), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic (11Z)-octadecenoic anhydride (4a), 2,3-dihydroxypropanoic, (9E,12E)-octadecadienoic anhydride (4b), 3-hydroxy-1,2,6,10-tetramethylundecyl hexzadecanoate (5a), 3-hydroxy-1,2,6,10-tetramethylundecyl (9E)-octadecaenoate (5b), and 3-hydroxy-1,2,6,10-tetramethylundecyl octadecanoate (5c). Antimicrobial activities of the isolates obtained from the YP9B strain were determined. Cytotoxic and antiviral activities were tested for the isolates against VERO, MCF-7, PC-3, and A549. Compounds 5a-c, 1, and 3a-c showed bacteriostatic activity at low concentrations, and 4a-b and 2 were found to be bactericides. MIC and MBC values against Mycobacterium smegmatis for the compounds 5a-c and 1 were determined to be <0.5 µg/mL and 0.46 µg/mL, respectively. The experimental result showed that compounds 2, 5a-c and 1 have strong cytotoxic (7.51±1.38 and 19.13± 0.68 (µM) IC50) activity. The antiviral activity against HSV type-1 was determined to be 1.25 µM for compounds 4a-c and 0.312 µM for compound 1.
Our study supports the recent idea that IL-6 and IL-17A are cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of infantile spasm.
Propolis is one of the mixtures with the widest biological activity among natural products used in complementary medicine. HSV‐1 is a highly contagious and endemic virus. Available drugs are insufficient for recurrent HSV‐1 infections. Therefore, new approaches to treat HSV‐1 infections are still being developed. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the inhibition effect of ethanolic Anatolian propolis extracts obtained from the Eastern Black Sea Region (Pazar, Ardahan, and Uzungöl) on HSV‐1. In addition to the total phenolic (TPC) and the total flavonoid content (TFC), the phenolic profiles of the extracts were analyzed by HPLC‐UV. The antiviral activity of the extracts were tested by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR), and plaque reduction tests, and the results were evaluated statistically. It was determined that the total amount of phenolic substances varied between 44.12 and 166.91 mg GAE/g, and the total flavonoid content of the samples varied between 12.50 and 41.58 (mg QUE/g). It was shown that all propolis samples used in the current study were effective against HSV‐1, but the higher phenolic compounds contained in the samples showed the higher activity. The results show that ethanolic propolis extracts are promising candidates for HSV‐1 treatment.
Yıllardır insan ve hayvanlardaki enfeksiyonların tedavisinde ve endüstride çeşitli amaçlarla yer alan antibiyotiklerin kullanımı günden güne artmaktadır. Bu durum hem enfeksiyonlarda hem de çevresel ortamlarda antibiyotiğe dirençli bakterilerin ve direnç genlerinin daha sık tespit edilmesine neden olmaktadır. Su kenarındaki yerleşim yerlerinde atık sular yaygın olarak belirli merkezlerde toplanarak arıtma işleminden sonra yakındaki sulara boşaltılmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda, sular patojen ve dirençli mikroorganizmalarla kirlenerek insan sağlığı için büyük bir tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Trabzon şehir merkezinden alınan atık su örneklerinden Gram negatif bakteriler izole edilerek antibiyotik direnç profillerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Atık sulardan alınan örnekler çeşitli besiyerlerine ekim yapılarak üreyen mikroorganizmalar analiz edildi. Çalışmaya gram negatif 36 bakteri dahil edildi. Bakterilerdeki direnç disk difüzyon yöntemi ile araştırıldı. Direnç görülen mikroorganizmalar MALDI-TOF MS ile tanımlanarak otomatize sistem ile direnç profilleri çıkarıldı. Bakterilerde direnç geni PZR yöntemi ile araştırılarak bu genlerin aktarım mekanizmaları incelendi. Çalışmada 8 izolatta antibiyotik direnci olduğu, bir izolatta GSBL ve blaoxa varlığı tespit edildi. İki izolatın plazmid taşıdığı ve bir izolatın ampisilin direncinin konjugatif plazmitle, kanamisin direncinin ise konjugatif olmayan bir plazmitle transforme olduğu belirlendi. Direnç taşıyan bazı izolatlarda plazmid varlığının tespit edilmesi; antibiyotik direncinin atık sularda bulunan bakteriler arasında yayılabileceğini ve canlılar üzerinde olumsuz etkiler olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.
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