Comparison of Progressive Muscular Relaxation (Pmr) and Music Therapy (Mt) in Reducing the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Symptoms Among Nurses

Abstract

Objective: To compare the progressive muscular relaxation and music therapy in reducing the anxiety, depression and stress symptoms among nurses.
 Study Design: Quasi-experimental Study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Various hospitals in Rawalpindi, from Mar 2018 to Mar 2019.
 Methodology: Sample of study was 20 female nurses. They were assessed by using depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS21), Urdu version. Study participants were randomized into two groups, group 1= who received the music therapy (n=10); group 2=who receive progressive muscular relaxation (n=10). Both the groups were provided with 4 sessions of both interventions for one month. After completion of intervention, post assessment was carried immediately and analysis was carried out.
 Results: Mean age of nurses was 31 ± 7.42 years (range from 19-45 years). Significant difference was found which showed that progressive muscular relaxation was more effective in reducing the symptoms of depression and stress as compared to music therapy. Whereas, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found on anxiety (both the treatments equally reduced the anxiety).
 Conclusion: Progressive muscular relaxation was found to be more effective in reducing stress and depression in nurses than music therapy. The use of such techniques can serve as an additional therapy in the treatment of stress, anxiety and depression and can be used to reduce the need for pharmacological therapy.

Efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Adults for Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Systematic Review

“…When delving deeper into individual outcome measures, for stress, one (1) study 59 found no significant reduction in stress level when compared to the control group at posttest. For anxiety, there are five (5) studies 34 , 49 , 51 , 79 , 81 reported no reduction in anxiety at the posttest. Interestingly, there are two (2) studies 42 , 50 that show a significant reduction of anxiety in the control group which calls for more research to uncover the underlying causes.…”

“…35 Anxiety There is a significant decrease (↓) in trait anxiety score in post-test compared to pretest in both IG and CG. High 13 Mustafa et al 51 (2021) Pakistan 4 sessions/ 4 weeks N/A 10 female nurses (PMR: 10) S: N/A DO: 0% QED / / DASS-21 N/A Stress (d=2.45), anxiety (d=0.53), depression (d=1.95) There is a significant decrease (↓) in stress and depression score but not in anxiety at post-test compared to pretest in IG. High 14 Palkar et al 52 (2021) India 45m at home/ 4 weeks + 3 sessions at seminar hall 7 days/ week 114 medical students (PMR: 43, CG: 71) S: Seminar Hall & at home DO: 0% QED / / PSS, TAS N/A Stress (d=0.45), Anxiety (d=0.35) There is a significant decrease (↓) in stress and anxiety score at post-test compared to pretest in IG.…”

“…Lastly, in analyzing depression outcomes, three (3) studies 47 , 51 , 53 found a notable decrease in depression levels among the elders, and female nurses’ posttest compared to pretest in the PMR group, showing PMR’s potential efficacy in battling depression. In addition, one (1) study among elders 47 reported a significant reduction in depression outcomes in the PMR group compared to the control group at the posttest stage.…”

“…Using the "Revised Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies", 28 the reviewers identified fifteen (15) studies of high quality, 34,36,38,[40][41][42][45][46][47][49][50][51][52][53]56 and six (6) studies of medium quality. 44,58,67,69,71,72 Following a thorough assessment, nine (9) studies 38,40,41,45,46,51,52,58,67 revealed noteworthy insights, indicating a discernable pattern of considerable drop in stress outcomes posttest in contrast to pretest within the PMR group among the female health care workers, nurses, university students and employees.…”

“…Using the "Revised Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies", 28 the reviewers identified fifteen (15) studies of high quality, 34,36,38,[40][41][42][45][46][47][49][50][51][52][53]56 and six (6) studies of medium quality. 44,58,67,69,71,72 Following a thorough assessment, nine (9) studies 38,40,41,45,46,51,52,58,67 revealed noteworthy insights, indicating a discernable pattern of considerable drop in stress outcomes posttest in contrast to pretest within the PMR group among the female health care workers, nurses, university students and employees. Moreover, two (2) more studies 36,72 reported a significant reduction in stress outcomes in the PMR group compared to the control group among the athletes and female clerical workers, adding weight to the information at hand.…”