Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography, Computed Tomography, and Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Initial Staging of Patients with Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

EUS had superior T staging ability over PET and CT in our study group. The tests showed similar performance in nodal staging and there was a trend toward improved distant disease staging with CT or PET over EUS. Assignment to treatment groups in relation to TNM staging tended to be better by EUS. Each test contributed unique patient staging information on an individual basis.

Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

“…In total, 31 articles on EUS for regional lymph node metastases (Tio et al, 1990;Botet et al, 1991;Rice et al, 1991;Ziegler et al, 1991;Dittler and Siewert, 1993;Grimm et al, 1993;Greenberg et al, 1994;Yoshikane et al, 1994;Binmoeller et al, 1995;Hasegawa et al, 1996;Hunerbein et al, 1996;Natsugoe et al, 1996;Pham et al, 1998;Vickers, 1998;Bowrey et al, 1999;Catalano et al, 1999;Nishimaki et al, 1999;Salminen et al, 1999;Choi et al, 2000;Nesje et al, 2000;Richards et al, 2000;Shinkai et al, 2000;Vazquez-Sequeiros et al, 2001Rasanen et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2003;Heeren et al, 2004;Sihvo et al, 2004;DeWitt et al, 2005;Lowe et al, 2005;Pedrazzani et al, 2005) and five articles on EUS for celiac lymph node metastases were included (Binmoeller et al, 1995;Catalano et al, 1999;Eloubeidi et al, 2001;Vazquez-Sequeiros et al, 2001;Parmar et al, 2002) (Table 1). For CT, the literature search gave 1091 hits.…”

“…For CT, the literature search gave 1091 hits. Seventeen articles on CT for regional lymph node metastases met the inclusion criteria (Quint et al, 1985;Botet et al, 1991;Ziegler et al, 1991;Sondenaa et al, 1992;Greenberg et al, 1994;Yoshikane et al, 1994;Flanagan et al, 1997;Nishimaki et al, 1999;Choi et al, 2000;Wren et al, 2002;Rasanen et al, 2003;Vazquez-Sequeiros et al, 2003;Wu et al, 2003;Yoon et al, 2003;Heeren et al, 2004;Sihvo et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2005). As some articles containing the results of CT not only reported on celiac lymph node metastases, but also on other abdominal lymph node metastases, we decided to include all articles (five in total) with these results (Quint et al, 1985;Becker et al, 1986;Watt et al, 1989;Van Overhagen et al, 1993;Parmar et al, 2002).…”

“…As some articles containing the results of CT not only reported on celiac lymph node metastases, but also on other abdominal lymph node metastases, we decided to include all articles (five in total) with these results (Quint et al, 1985;Becker et al, 1986;Watt et al, 1989;Van Overhagen et al, 1993;Parmar et al, 2002). In addition, seven articles on CT for distant metastases were included (Van Overhagen et al, 1993;Flamen et al, 2000;Wren et al, 2002;Rasanen et al, 2003;Yoon et al, 2003;Sihvo et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2005) (Table 2). Our literature search for FDG-PET gave 163 hits.…”

“…We included 10 articles on FDG-PET for regional lymph node metastases Luketich et al, 1997;Choi et al, 2000;Lerut et al, 2000;Wren et al, 2002;Rasanen et al, 2003;Yoon et al, 2003;Heeren et al, 2004;Sihvo et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2005). Nine articles were included on FDG-PET for distant metastases (Luketich et al, 1997;Flamen et al, 2000;Lerut et al, 2000;Wren et al, 2002;Rasanen et al, 2003;Yoon et al, 2003;Heeren et al, 2004;Sihvo et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2005) (Table 3). We found that the interobserver agreement for the data extraction was excellent (k40.80).…”

Computed Tomography–Based Distribution of Involved Lymph Nodes in Patients with Upper Esophageal Cancer

“…Several modalities-ct, endoscopic ultrasonography, and positron-emission tomography-have been used in diagnosing and staging ec patients 6,7 . The mainstay for staging ec has been ct, which is commonly applied to determine the extent of local invasion, lymph node malignancy, or distant metastasis.…”