“…As compared with PS core nanoparticles (Figure a), the FT‐IR spectrum (Figure b) showed a characteristic absorption band at 2127 cm −1 corresponding to a SiH stretching vibration mode. The new absorption bands at 1261, 1095 plus 1023, and 802 cm −1 , which were attributed to symmetric deformations δ(SiCH 3 ), asymmetric stretching ν(SiOSi) and stretching ν(SiC) respectively, are characteristics of the PDMS hairs . All of this evidence is consistent with the formation of the expected core–shell nanoparticles.…”
Hairy core–shell nanoparticles have emerged as a unique class of polymeric nanocomposites. Hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) with hard polystyrene (PS) cores and soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shells have been synthesized by living anionic polymerization via “one‐pot synthesis” approach. The size and composition of both core and shell components can be controlled. The synthetic approach produces an entirely new class of HNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of the core–shell nanoparticles show two distinct transition temperatures corresponding to a glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS segment and a melting transition temperature (Tm) of PDMS segment indicating the formation of a phase separated system. The synthesized HNPs show different morphologies dependent on the content of PDMS due to the fusion of particles. Solvents play a crucial role in the fusion of particles. Diethyl ether can reduce the fusion of particles and generate almost uniform particles. The HNPs can self‐assemble into hierarchical suprastructures. The HNPs may have potential applications in emerging industries such as high‐density microelectronic materials and lithography.
“…As compared with PS core nanoparticles (Figure a), the FT‐IR spectrum (Figure b) showed a characteristic absorption band at 2127 cm −1 corresponding to a SiH stretching vibration mode. The new absorption bands at 1261, 1095 plus 1023, and 802 cm −1 , which were attributed to symmetric deformations δ(SiCH 3 ), asymmetric stretching ν(SiOSi) and stretching ν(SiC) respectively, are characteristics of the PDMS hairs . All of this evidence is consistent with the formation of the expected core–shell nanoparticles.…”
Hairy core–shell nanoparticles have emerged as a unique class of polymeric nanocomposites. Hairy nanoparticles (HNPs) with hard polystyrene (PS) cores and soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) shells have been synthesized by living anionic polymerization via “one‐pot synthesis” approach. The size and composition of both core and shell components can be controlled. The synthetic approach produces an entirely new class of HNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of the core–shell nanoparticles show two distinct transition temperatures corresponding to a glass transition temperature (Tg) of PS segment and a melting transition temperature (Tm) of PDMS segment indicating the formation of a phase separated system. The synthesized HNPs show different morphologies dependent on the content of PDMS due to the fusion of particles. Solvents play a crucial role in the fusion of particles. Diethyl ether can reduce the fusion of particles and generate almost uniform particles. The HNPs can self‐assemble into hierarchical suprastructures. The HNPs may have potential applications in emerging industries such as high‐density microelectronic materials and lithography.
“…Oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and nitrogen heteroatoms allow the complexation of the metal cations according to their hardness or softness on the HSAB scale. These specific complexing groups being attached to the electrode through low or high molecular weight organic molecules, the surface complexation of the metal ions is detected through potentiometry [16] or voltammetry [17] or impedancemetry [18]. Molecules wearing phosphine groups were used particularly as ionophores for the detection of metals.…”
In this work, impedimetric sensors were developed for the detection of the four WFD heavy metals Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Ni2+, by the modification of a gold electrode with four partially biosourced polyphosphine polymers. These polymers were obtained with satisfactory yields by polycondensation of the bis(4-fluorophenyl)(4-methylphenyl)phosphine sulfide and the bis(4-fluorophenyl)(4-methylphenyl)phosphine oxide using isosorbide or bisphenol A. The chemical structures and number-average molecular weights of the resulting polymers were determined by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 19F, and 31P) and by size exclusion chromatography. Glass transition temperatures varied between 184 and 202 °C depending on the composition of polymers. The bio-based poly(etherphosphine) oxide modified sensor showed better analytical performance than petrochemical based oxide for the detection of Pb2+. A detection limit of 10−10 g/L or 0.5 pM, which is 104 times lower than that of the anodic stripping voltammetric and the potentiometric sensors. A reversibility is obtained through rinsing of the impedimetric sensor with an EDTA solution.
“…The observation of characteristic vibrations of secondary amines and tertiary amines showed that the cyclam was functionalized by dialkylation of its amino groups. attributed in our previous work [29]. The bands at 1264 and at 1596 and 1671 cm −1 wer attributed to ν(C-NSec: tertiary amines) stretching and to δ(NH: secondary amines deformation vibrations, respectively.…”
Section: Surface Characterization Of the Functionalized Cyclam Film 3mentioning
confidence: 50%
“…Once all these parameters were fixed, several measurements were repeated until the last Nyquist diagrams were superimposed. The first lanthanide was added to the electrochemical cell immediately, and measurements were carried out after 30 min for equilibration, according to our previous work [ 29 ]. Nyquist diagrams for each lanthanide concentration were recorded.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This additional characteristic considerably increases their field of application and makes it possible to consider their use in various fields. Substituted cyclams attached to silicone materials were used for the functionalization of ISFET for the selective detection of ferric ions [ 29 ]. In recent years, the bisaminal process of tetraazamacrocycles (cyclen and cyclam) has been considered as one of the most powerful synthetic tools for the protection of amine functions during the N-mono- [ 30 ] and the N,N′-dialkylation [ 31 ] of several macrocycles using glyoxal reagents.…”
Gadolinium is extensively used in pharmaceuticals and is very toxic, so its sensitive detection is mandatory. This work presents the elaboration of a gadolinium chemical sensor based on 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam thin films, deposited on gold electrodes, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The 2-methylpyridine-substituted cyclam (bis-N-MPyC) was synthesized in three steps, including the protection of cyclam by the formation of its CH2-bridged aminal derivative; the product was characterized by liquid 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Spin-coated thin films of bis-N-MPyC on gold wafers were characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy in ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) mode, contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy. The impedimetric chemical sensor was studied in the presence of increasing concentrations of lanthanides (Gd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+). Nyquist plots were fitted with an equivalent electrical circuit including two RC circuits in series corresponding to the bis-N-MPyC film and its interface with the electrolyte. The main parameter that varies with gadolinium concentration is the resistance of the film/electrolyte interface (Rp), correlated to the rate of exchange between the proton and the lanthanide ion. Based on this parameter, the detection limit obtained is 35 pM. The bis-N-MPyC modified gold electrode was tested for the detection of gadolinium in spiked diluted negative urine control samples.
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