Comparison of photobiomodulation using either an intraoral or an extraoral laser on oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy in rats

Royal jelly and propolis therapies reduce inflammation and stimulate healing of oral mucositis in rats

“…These treatments frequently result in severe damage to the oral mucosa, with the patients developing ulcerative lesions that cause great discomfort and intense pain. If OM is not prevented or treated adequately, the discomfort generated can reduce the patient's ability to tolerate treatment [4,20]. Within this context, considering that not all patients who develop OM have access to PBMT, the present study demonstrated that topical application of natural compounds derived from bees may be an important alternative for the treatment of OM.…”

“…We observed lower clinical and histopathological OM scores already on day 8, three days after the beginning of treatment, in the RJ and propolis groups compared to the control group. also reported a signi cant decrease in lesion size and the absence or reduction of ulcers and local in ammation [1,20,21,23,25,27,44]. We therefore consider that the use of fresh RJ and 10% propolis was as effective as PBMT by accelerating healing and reducing in ammation in cases of chemically induced OM.…”

“…The animals of the PBMT group received one daily intraoral laser application with an aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaAlP) diode (MM Optics, São Carlos, SP, Brazil). The buccal mucosa of the animals was irradiated followed the protocol of Thieme et al (2019) [20]. The following irradiation parameters were used: wavelength of 660 nm, spot size of 0.04cm 2 , irradiance of 1W/cm 2 , power of 100mW, and energy density of 6J/cm 2 .…”

“…Studies have investigated the use of natural compounds in an attempt to identify alternatives for the prevention and treatment of OM since photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), the gold standard for the prevention and treatment of OM, is not always available at cancer treatment centers [3]. Additionally, some studies have sought to understand the physiopathology of OM and the effects of treatment with these natural compounds on signaling pathways involved in the development of this condition [2,5,[17][18][19][20]. Among the natural products available for the treatment of different conditions, royal jelly (RJ) and propolis, two important compounds produced by honey bees of the genus Apis, have been used worldwide as traditional nutrients and in pharmacology since ancient times [21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Decade Long Survey of Low-level Laser Therapy/Photobiomodulation (LLLT/PBM) Therapy for Oral Mucositis Treatment

“…[35][36][37][38] Simultaneous application of dual wavelengths showed better results than using a single wavelength. 39 In a comparison between LLLT and photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment using indocyanine green (ICG), ICG has been found to possibly accelerate the effects provided by LLLT. 40 From the 12 clinical studies, 8 utilized LLLT/ PBM while the remaining 4 made use of photosensitizers or other treatment groups (Table 2).…”