Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally

Aslaner, Oktay

doi:10.1159/000518204

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, no statistically significant differences were determined between the e-cigarette and control groups. It is well known that traditional cigarette smoking is associated with in vivo and in vitro lipid peroxidation [28], and there has been less oxidative stress in e-cigarette groups than in traditional cigarette smoking groups [29]. Therefore, the current study findings are compatible with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

doğan¹

2022

Int J Med Biochem

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Effects of electronic cigarettes on oxidative stress markers in the rat kidney tissuesT he number of tobacco smokers worldwide increased to 1.1 billion in 2019. Tobacco smoke contains various compounds that are harmful to smokers and nonsmokers alike [1]. In 2013, the World Health Organization attributed 6 million deaths worldwide to smoking. Therefore, reducing smoking is a significant public health objective [2]. Most smokers want to quit smoking, but only about one out of every ten adult smokers succeeds [3]. Although traditional techniques to minimize smoking have been employed, such as organizing activities to highlight the dangers of smoking or boosting cigarette taxes, the number of smokers continues to increase. Therefore, there is a clear requirement for novel approaches in this respect [4,5].Electronic nicotine delivery devices, known as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), have long been recognized as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. These battery-operated devices deliver nicotine to users via an aerosol carrier system, and their use is mainly prevalent among young people [6]. According to the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention, e-cigarette use among college students surged from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018 [7]. However, although it was initially thought that e-smoking reduced smoking and the associated health risks [8], it has more recently been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation-related vascular and cardiac dysfunction [7]. Furthermore, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, airway hyperreactivity, mucin formation, Objectives: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Although numerous studies have been conducted regarding the effects of traditional cigarettes on oxidative stress biomarkers in the kidney, there are only a few studies on the effects of e-cigarettes. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were separated into three groups: Group 1 was treated with traditional cigarettes, Group 2 with e-cigarettes, and Group 3 formed the control group. Kidney homogenates and plasma samples were obtained, and the glutathione peroxidase, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels were examined. Results: Higher plasma SDMA levels were determined in Group 1 and Group 2 compared with Group 3 (<0.0001). Higher SOD activity was found in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p=0.0094). Lower CAT activity was found in Group 1 compared with both Group 2 (p=0.0035) and Group 3 (p<0.0001). Higher LPO levels were determined in the traditional cigarette smoking group compared with the control group (p=0.028), and no statistically significant difference was found between the e-cigarette and the control groups. Conclusion: E-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes are associated with the dysregulation of particular oxidative stress markers in the kidney. However, e-cigarettes have less effect on some oxidative stress markers than traditional ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

doğan¹

2022

Int J Med Biochem

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“…Electronic cigarette smoke contains nicotine. It induces changes in oxidative stress and serum prolidase levels ( 34 ). Moreover, thirdhand smoke refers to the residual tobacco smoke contaminants that remain on surfaces and in dust after the cigarette has been extinguished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolidase could be considered a sign of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking

Yıldırım,

Kulaksızoglu

2024

Front. Med.

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ObjectivesSmoking causes inflammation, thickening, and narrowing of the airways. This inflammatory process is a reaction to free radicals and oxidants. Smoking affects collagen metabolism and tissue remodeling. Prolidase enzyme hydrolyzes iminodipeptides with hydroxyproline and C terminal proline. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of collagen and the remodeling of the matrix. The present study aims to reveal the association of prolidase with inflammation caused by smoking and to compare serum prolidase levels with oxidative-antioxidative status in healthy individuals.MethodsA total of 76 participants (38 smokers and 38 nonsmokers) were involved in the present study. Serum cotinine levels were measured to show the exposure to nicotine in tobacco smoke by using the competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay method. Serum prolidase, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method, respectively. The correlation between smoking, serum prolidase levels, TOS, and TAS was investigated.ResultsTAS and serum prolidase levels of smokers were considerably lower than those in non-smokers (p < 0.001, p = 0.012 respectively). However, no differences were observed in TOS between the two groups. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum prolidase levels, TAS, and TOS. Moreover, no relationship was observed between respiratory function parameters and serum prolidase levels.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first study to demonstrate the role of prolidase in smoking-related inflammation. The results achieved in the present study suggest that smoking creates an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant activity. Smoking decreases prolidase levels, leading to decreased collagen turnover. Chronic pulmonary disease might be related to this decrease in collagen turnover.

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“…E-cigarettes and cigarette smoke induce oxidative stress 48 . Oxidative stress plays a key role in cigarette smoke-induced alveolar injury and REDD1 has been implicated in this process 11 , 49 , 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating electronic cigarette cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses in vitro

Sinha¹,

Goel²,

Bitzer³

et al. 2022

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking poses many health risks and can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, cancer of the lung and other organs. Smokers can substantially reduce their risks of these diseases by quitting, but nicotine addiction makes this difficult. Alternatives, such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), may provide a similar dose of nicotine, but expose users to fewer toxic chemicals than traditional cigarettes and may still be harmful especially for dual users, therefore, we sought to develop bioassays that can assess the potential toxicity and inflammatory response induced by e-cigarette liquids (e-liquids) with and without flavors. METHODS E-liquids with varying nicotine content and flavors were aerosolized through growth media and exposed to human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and human monocyte-macrophage cell line (THP-1) in vitro . Cytotoxicity in response to e-cigarette aerosols was measured by MTT assay in BEAS-2B cells and inflammatory response was measured by TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 released from THP-1 cells. In addition, the oxidative stress marker, REDD1, and impact on phagocytosis, was assessed following exposure of BEAS-2B and THP-1 derived macrophages, respectively. Cigarette smoke extract was used as a positive control with known cytotoxicity and impairment of inflammatory response. RESULTS E-cigarette aerosols induced moderate cellular toxicity in bronchial epithelial cells. Our data also show that low nicotine levels are less damaging to the bronchial epithelial cells, and flavors in e-liquids influence the combined inflammatory response markers, phagocytosis, and REDD1 when examined in vitro . CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro bioassays can be utilized to effectively measure flavor and nicotine-induced effects of e-cigarettes on combined inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in human macrophages and human bronchial epithelial cells, respectively.

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Comparison of Oxidative Effects of Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure Performed Experimentally

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

Prolidase could be considered a sign of inflammation associated with cigarette smoking

Evaluating electronic cigarette cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses in vitro

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