The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Kidney Tissues of Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract

Effects of electronic cigarettes on oxidative stress markers in the rat kidney tissuesT he number of tobacco smokers worldwide increased to 1.1 billion in 2019. Tobacco smoke contains various compounds that are harmful to smokers and nonsmokers alike [1]. In 2013, the World Health Organization attributed 6 million deaths worldwide to smoking. Therefore, reducing smoking is a significant public health objective [2]. Most smokers want to quit smoking, but only about one out of every ten adult smokers succeeds [3]. Although traditional techniques to minimize smoking have been employed, such as organizing activities to highlight the dangers of smoking or boosting cigarette taxes, the number of smokers continues to increase. Therefore, there is a clear requirement for novel approaches in this respect [4,5].Electronic nicotine delivery devices, known as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), have long been recognized as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes. These battery-operated devices deliver nicotine to users via an aerosol carrier system, and their use is mainly prevalent among young people [6]. According to the American Center for Disease Control and Prevention, e-cigarette use among college students surged from 1.5% in 2011 to 20.8% in 2018 [7]. However, although it was initially thought that e-smoking reduced smoking and the associated health risks [8], it has more recently been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation-related vascular and cardiac dysfunction [7]. Furthermore, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, airway hyperreactivity, mucin formation, Objectives: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an alternative to traditional cigarettes. Although numerous studies have been conducted regarding the effects of traditional cigarettes on oxidative stress biomarkers in the kidney, there are only a few studies on the effects of e-cigarettes. Methods: A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were separated into three groups: Group 1 was treated with traditional cigarettes, Group 2 with e-cigarettes, and Group 3 formed the control group. Kidney homogenates and plasma samples were obtained, and the glutathione peroxidase, protein carbonyl, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels were examined. Results: Higher plasma SDMA levels were determined in Group 1 and Group 2 compared with Group 3 (<0.0001). Higher SOD activity was found in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p=0.0094). Lower CAT activity was found in Group 1 compared with both Group 2 (p=0.0035) and Group 3 (p<0.0001). Higher LPO levels were determined in the traditional cigarette smoking group compared with the control group (p=0.028), and no statistically significant difference was found between the e-cigarette and the control groups. Conclusion: E-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes are associated with the dysregulation of particular oxidative stress markers in the kidney. However, e-cigarettes have less effect on some oxidative stress markers than traditional ...

Analysis of Endogenous Antioxidants of Rat Blood Exposed to E-Cigarette

“…The reaction started after 1 mL of H 2 O 2 was added. The whole solution was slowly vortexed and then the decrease in absorbance was measured by a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 240 nm 11,12 . The catalase calculation was performed following Eq.…”

“…If the data were not normally distributed and homogeneous, then Mann-Whitney non-parametric statistics were used. The data normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test and then the data homogeneity was measured with the Levene Test12 . Data analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Differences (LSD) Test.…”