Comparison of Oral Prednisone and Prednisone Combined with Metronidazole for Induction Therapy of Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Jergens, Albert E.; Crandell, John M.; Morrison, Jo Ann; Deitz, Krysta L.; Pressel, M.; Ackermann, Mark R.; Suchodolski, Jan S.; Steiner, Jörg M.; Evans, Richard B.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0447.x

Cited by 84 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…43 Limited information is available with regards to the effect of antibiotics on dogs with IBD, although one study evaluating the effects of single and combination drug regimens showed that oral prednisone monotherapy is as effective as combination therapy with prednisone and metronidazole for treatment of dogs with IBD. 10 An increased susceptibility to pathogens and bacterial community shifts (abundance change and functional change) were observed by administration of antibiotics in a rodent model of intestinal inflammation. 44 These results may suggest potential negative effects of indiscriminate administration of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Furthermore, similarly to humans, intestinal inflammation develops spontaneously in dogs living in natural home environments, and the most frequently used treatment modalities for these disorders include antibiotic therapy and immunosuppression. 10 Despite well documented evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in the pathogenesis of canine IBD, the actual mechanisms of the host-microbe interactions remain elusive, but are believed to be mediated in part by microbial products (metabolites) derived from the GI microbiota and locally and/or systemically absorbed by the host. 11 Therefore, studies that assess functional aspects of the GI microbiota are needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

et al. 2015

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Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common cause of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease in dogs. The combination of an underlying host genetic susceptibility, an intestinal dysbiosis, and dietary/environmental factors are suspected as main contributing factors in the pathogenesis of canine IBD. However, actual mechanisms of the hostmicrobe interactions remain elusive. The aim of this study was to compare the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles between healthy dogs (n D 10) and dogs with IBD before and after 3 weeks of medical therapy (n D 12). Fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles were characterized by 454-pyrosequencing of 16 S rRNA genes and by an untargeted metabolomics approach, respectively. Significantly lower bacterial diversity and distinct microbial communities were observed in dogs with IBD compared to the healthy control dogs. While Gammaproteobacteria were overrepresented, Erysipelotrichia, Clostridia, and Bacteroidia were underrepresented in dogs with IBD. The functional gene content was predicted from the 16 S rRNA gene data using PICRUSt, and revealed overrepresented bacterial secretion system and transcription factors, and underrepresented amino acid metabolism in dogs with IBD. The serum metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, hexuronic acid, ribose, and gluconic acid lactone were significantly more abundant in dogs with IBD. Although a clinical improvement was observed after medical therapy in all dogs with IBD, this was not accompanied by significant changes in the fecal microbiota or in serum metabolite profiles. These results suggest the presence of oxidative stress and a functional alteration of the GI microbiota in dogs with IBD, which persisted even in the face of a clinical response to medical therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

et al. 2015

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“…It is commonly used in veterinary practice to treat a wide variety of conditions (Watson 1980;Tams 1984;Happonen et al 2000;Olson et al 2005;Cattin et al 2008;Jergens et al 2010;Senhorinho et al 2012). The mode of action requires strict anaerobic conditions; susceptible infectious agents include Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Giardia sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxic encephalopathy associated with high-dose metronidazole therapy in a dog: a case report

Hájek¹,

Šimerdová²,

Vávra³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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This case report describes an episode of acute ataxia, tremor, vertical nystagmus and progressive weakness in a mixed breed dog treated with high doses of metronidazole. Complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry, coagulation profile, blood pressure measurement, urinalysis, computed tomography of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid examination were unremarkable. Metronidazole had been administered at a dose of 65 mg/ kg/day and neurotoxicity was, therefore, suspected. Drug concentrations in the patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and compared to control dogs. Metronidazole administration was immediately discontinued; supportive care consisted of fluid therapy and diazepam treatment. The neurological status of the patient improved rapidly within 72 h. The aim of this case report is to describe the clinical presentation of metronidazole intoxication in a mixed breed dog and to interpret the chromatographic analysis which can be a beneficial diagnostic and screening tool in dogs intoxicated with metronidazole.Keywords: vestibular diseases; cerebellar dysfunction; canine diseases; gamma-aminobutyric acid; chromatography Metronidazole (MTZ) is an injectable and oral synthetic, nitroimidazole antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent. It is commonly used in veterinary practice to treat a wide variety of conditions (Watson 1980;Tams 1984;Happonen et al. 2000;Olson et al. 2005;Cattin et al. 2008;Jergens et al. 2010;Senhorinho et al. 2012). The mode of action requires strict anaerobic conditions; susceptible infectious agents include Bacteroides sp., Clostridium sp., Giardia sp. etc. (Rossignol et al. 1984;Even et al. 1998; Plumb 1999;Marks and Kather 2003;Hausen et al. 2011). MTZ is primarily metabolised in the liver and crosses the blood-brain barrier rapidly; in mice, the unaltered drug accumulates in the cerebellum and hippocampal areas (Plumb 1999;Olson et al. 2005). The recommended dosage for long-term treatment in dogs is 10 mg/kg p.o. twice or three times a day (Plumb 1999). Adverse effects include neurological disorders, lethargy, weakness, neutropenia, hepatotoxicity, haematuria, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (Plumb 1999;Weiss 2005). MTZ toxicity can develop suddenly and if unrecognised, can lead to rapid deterioration and death (Wright and Tyler 2003). In cases of acute toxicity from a chronic overdose in dogs, the drug should be discontinued and the patients treated supportively and symptomatically (Wright and Tyler 2003). The aim of this case report is to describe a metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity with subsequent chromatographic analysis in a dog. Case descriptionA six and a half-year-old 7.2-kg uncastrated male mixed breed dog was presented for neurological exSupported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Institutional research development).

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“…Jergens et al (2010) carried out the first randomizedcontrolled trial evaluating the efficacy of prednisone versus prednisone and metronidazole in combination in dogs with IBD. The recovery ratio was similar in both treatment groups after 21 days.…”

Section: Classical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Current Treatment Options in Dogs

Arslan¹

2017

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an idiopathic and chronic gastrointestinal failure of cats, dogs and some farm animals such as horses. Since the long and difficult classical therapy of the disease has various side effects such as malignancy and lymphoma, new therapeutic methods are needed. However, a safe and standardized treatment protocol has not been developed, yet. Therefore, IBD treatment is still a big dilemma for both veterinary and human medicine. In this review, IBD and new possible therapeutic alternatives were evaluated for dogs.

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Comparison of Oral Prednisone and Prednisone Combined with Metronidazole for Induction Therapy of Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Randomized-Controlled Trial

Cited by 84 publications

References 71 publications

Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

Alteration of the fecal microbiota and serum metabolite profiles in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease

Toxic encephalopathy associated with high-dose metronidazole therapy in a dog: a case report

Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Current Treatment Options in Dogs

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