Comparison of oil and fuel particle chemical signatures with particle emissions from heavy and light duty vehicles

Spencer, Matthew T.; Shields, Laura G.; Sodeman, David A.; Toner, Stephen M.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.04.011

Cited by 101 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These two strong fragments (separated by delta Z=14) suggest the detection of a rather stable compound. The strong peak at m/z+37 suggests a strong organic signature ([C 3 H] + ) (Spencer and Prather, 2006) and peaks at m/z+27 and m/z+43 confirm the presence of secondary organic carbon. We believe this particle type is a second type of unidentified HULIS.…”

Section: Aerosol Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

et al. 2009

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Abstract.A fog event was monitored with state-of-the art real-time aerosol mass spectrometers in an urban background location in London (England) during the REPARTEE-I experiment. Specific particle types rich in hydroxymethanesulphonate (HMS) were found only during the fog event. Formation of inorganic and organic secondary aerosol was observed as soon as fog was detected and two different mechanisms are suggested to be responsible for the production of two different types of aerosol. Nitrate aerosol is produced in the liquid phase within the droplet. Contrary to previous studies, the formation of HULIS was observed on interstitial particles rather than evaporated fog droplets, suggesting heterogeneous formation mechanisms depending on parameters other than the water content and not fully understood. Not only are secondary aerosol constituents produced during the fog event, but the primary aerosol is observed to be processed by the fog event, dramatically changing its chemical properties.

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Section: Aerosol Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

et al. 2009

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“…(Reinard et al, 2007;Snyder et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2003;Bein et al, 2007;Pekney et al, 2006a;Bein et al, 2006). More spatiotemporally diffuse sources, such as light and heavy duty vehicular traffic and biomass burning, have also been identified using unique ATOFMS mass spectral signatures (Spencer et al, 2006;Silva et al, 1999;Moffet et al, 2008). More recently, ship exhaust particles arising from the combustion of residual fuel oil have also been successfully identified and characterised using ATOFMS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Cork City is surrounded by agricultural land and gas phase ammonia is expected to be ubiquitous. The absence of ammonium molecular ions in aged Peat and Wood mass spectra could be due to the presence of increased levels of potassium and sodium causing a suppression of ammonium signals coupled with the relatively low sensitivity of ATOFMS for ammonium (Spencer et al, 2006;Gross et al, 2000). However it is also possible that coal combustion particles, which contain much more sulfate than those produced by peat or wood combustion (Figs.…”

Section: Peat Coal and Wood Subclassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 and 12). All three classes are commonly observed in roadside and dynamometer ATOFMS studies (Spencer et al, 2006;Suess and Prather, 2002;Shields et al, 2007;Sodeman et al, 2005;Toner et al, 2006;Toner et al, 2008). The EC-domestic class is characterised by positive ion mass spectra containing high signals for sodium and potassium (Fig.…”

Section: Elemental Carbon and Traffic Classesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

et al. 2010

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for the measurement of the size resolved chemical composition of single particles at a site in Cork Harbour, Ireland for three weeks in August 2008. The ATOFMS was co-located with a suite of semi-continuous instrumentation for the measurement of particle number, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), sulfate and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter (PM 2.5 ). The temporality of the ambient ATOFMS particle classes was subsequently used in conjunction with the semi-continuous measurements to apportion PM 2.5 mass using positive matrix factorisation. The synergy of the single particle classification procedure and positive matrix factorisation allowed for the identification of six factors, corresponding to vehicular traffic, marine, long-range transport, various combustion, domestic solid fuel combustion and shipping traffic with estimated contributions to the measured PM 2.5 mass of 23%, 14%, 13%, 11%, 5% and 1.5% respectively. Shipping traffic was found to contribute 18% of the measured particle number (20-600 nm mobility diameter), and thus may have important implications for human health considering the size and composition of ship exhaust particles. The positive matrix factorisation procedure enabled a more refined interpretation of the single particle results by providing source contributions to PM 2.5 mass, while the single particle data enabled the identification of additional factors not possible with typical semi-continuous measurements, including local shipping traffic.

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“…Progress has been made in quantifying atomic species using high laser powers. For example, Spencer et al (2006) were able to chemically quantify fresh small Elemental Carbon/Organic Carbon particles, but in particles smaller than 250 nm. It is likely that because their dimensions, the whole of the particles was ablated by the LDI process.…”

Section: Nitrate Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real time chemical characterization of local and regional nitrate aerosols

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Nitrate aerosols make a very major contribution to PM 2.5 and PM 10 in western Europe, but their sources and pathways have not been fully elucidated. An Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) and a Compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) were deployed in an urban background location in London, UK, collecting data as part of the REPARTEE-I experiment. During REPARTEE-I, daily PM 10 concentrations ranged up to 43.6 µg m −3 , with hourly nitrate concentrations (measured by AMS) of up to 5.3 µg m −3 . The application of the ART-2a neural network algorithm to the ATOFMS data characterised the nitrate particles as occurring in two distinct clusters (i.e. particle types). The first (33.6% of particles by number) appeared to be locally produced in urban locations during nighttime, whilst the second (22.8% of particles by number) was regionally transported from continental Europe. Nitrate in locally produced aerosol was present mainly in particles smaller than 300 nm, whilst the regional nitrate presented a coarser mode, peaking at 600 nm. In both aerosol types, nitrate was found to be internally mixed with sulphate, ammonium, elemental and organic carbon. Nitrate in regional aerosol appeared to be more volatile than that locally formed. During daytime, a core of the regionally transported nitrate aerosol particle type composed of organic carbon and sulphate was detected.Correspondence to: R. M. Harrison

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Comparison of oil and fuel particle chemical signatures with particle emissions from heavy and light duty vehicles

Cited by 101 publications

References 57 publications

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Real time chemical characterization of local and regional nitrate aerosols

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Comparison of oil and fuel particle chemical signatures with particle emissions from heavy and light duty vehicles

Cited by 101 publications

References 57 publications

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

Real-time secondary aerosol formation during a fog event in London

Source apportionment of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements

Real time chemical characterization of local and regional nitrate aerosols

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Source apportionment of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Cork Harbour, Ireland using a combination of single particle mass spectrometry and quantitative semi-continuous measurements