Comparison of non-fasting LDL-C levels calculated by Friedewald formula with those directly measured in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease after a daily breakfast

Lin, Qiuzhen; Chen, Yanqiao; Guo, Liling; Xiang, Qunyan; Tian, Feng; Wen, Tie; Liu, Ling

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.010

Cited by 27 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The potential causes for non-fasting reduction in LDL-C and increment in TG were complicated and controversial. We previously found that postprandial reduction in direct measured LDL-C level was more prominent than that in calculated LDL-C level by Friedewald formula at both 2 h and 4 h after a daily breakfast in Chinese subjects [34], and LDL-C level was detected by the direct method in the present study. Additionally, some scholars believed that mildly reduction in LDL-C level after a daily meal was due to uid intake, but changes could be corrected by adjustment for albumin levels [6,12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk assessments using China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts in Chinese participants

Zhang

et al. 2020

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Background Previous studies have shown that non-fasting lipids have similar values in cardiovascular risk estimation as fasting, but it is not clear whether this could also be applicable to Chinese participants.Methods A total of 127 (76 men, 51 women) participants without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of blood lipids were monitored at 0 h, 2 h and 4 h after a daily breakfast. Ten-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was estimated with China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts. Kappa statistic was used to determine agreement among estimators.Results there was substantial agreement between China ASCVD risk estimator based on fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles (Kappa = 0.731 or 0.718, P < 0.001), but poorly agreement between China ASCVD risk estimator and SCORE low- or high-risk chart (Kappa = 0.339 or 0.300, P < 0.001).Conclusions Promoting use of non-fasting blood lipids in diagnosis, evaluation, and prediction of CVD are feasible. Furthermore, non-fasting blood lipids could be used in China ASCVD risk estimator to evaluate assess 10-year risk of ASCVD among Chinese general participants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk assessments using China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts in Chinese participants

Zhang

et al. 2020

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“…h after a daily breakfast in Chinese CHD patients[13], it was still more than the reduction of above the European and North American studies[14,15,17,18]. The underling mechanisms of non-fasting reduction in LDL-C may be complicated in the present study.…”

mentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Recently, we observed more substantial reductions in LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels in Chinese subjects with CHD at 2 h and 4 h after a daily breakfast [13,16], appearing to be greater than those reported in large-scale clinical studies conducted in other countries [14,15,17,18],although the potential cause remains uncertain. Additionally, it was proposed that non-HDL-C level may be a better prognostic factor than LDL-C level to evaluate the risk of future cardiovascular events [19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…postprandial) LDL-C level has a similar predictive value for all-cause death and cardiovascular death [7,8], non-fasting lipids detection at a random time-point within at least 8 h after a daily meal has been recommended in the primary and secondary prevention against CHD [9][10][11][12]. However, both LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels show a tendency of decrease in the nonfasting state [13][14][15]. Moreover, there are only fasting cholesterol-lowering targets but not non-fasting ones in the published guidelines [1][2][3][4][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal cut-off points after a daily meal corresponding to fasting goal levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease

Guo

Chen

Lin

et al. 2020

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Background: Although the detection of non-fasting blood lipids has been recommended in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), the non-fasting cut-off points corresponding to the fasting goals of LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/Land non-HDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L, respectively, have not been explored. Methods: This study enrolled 397 inpatients with CHD. One hundred and ninety-seven patients took statins for < 1 month (m) or did not take any statin before admission (i.e. CHD1 group), while 204 patients took statins for ≥ 1 m before admission (i.e. CHD2 group). Blood lipid levels were measured at 0 h, 2 h, and 4 h after a daily breakfast. Results: Non-fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels significantly decreased after a daily meal ( P < 0.05). Both fasting and non-fasting LDL-C or non-HDL-C levels were significantly lower in the CHD2 group. The percent attainment of LDL-C < 1.8 mmol/L at 2 h or 4 h after a daily breakfast was significantly higher than that of its fasting point ( P < 0.05), whereas that of non-HDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L was significantly higher only at 4 h ( P < 0.05). Analysis of c-statistic showed that non-fasting cut-off points for LDL-C and non-HDL-C were 1.5 mmol/L and 2.4 mmol/L, corresponding to their fasting goal levels of 1.8 mmol/L and 2.6 mmol/L, respectively. When postprandial LDL-C and non-HDL-C goal attainments were re-evaluated by non-fasting cut-off points, there were no significant differences in percent attainment between fasting and non-fasting states. Conclusions: Determination ofnon-fasting cut-off points is important to evaluate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy if blood lipids are detected after a daily meal.

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“…According to the European joint consensus statement about postprandial lipids detection, the maximal mean reductions in TC, LDL-C and nonHDL-C at 1-6 h after habitual food intake were considered insigni cant and only 0.2 mmol/L in the Copenhagen population [7]. However, Chinese subjects showed a larger drop in postprandial LDL-C level after a daily breakfast, more than 0.3 mmol/L in calculated LDL-C according to Friedewald formula [8]. Postprandial reduction in LDL-C 0.2 or 0.3 mmol/L may lead to the different evaluation on cholesterol controlling if depending on a certain target level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Reduction of LDL-C or nonHDL-C induced by Red Yeast Rice Extract, Xuezhikang, between Fasting and Postprandial States in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Zhu

Wen

Xiang

et al. 2020

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Background: Xuezhikang, an extract of red yeast rice, effectively lowers fasting and postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels. It was unknown that whether Xuezhikang could contribute the lipid management goals, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) at fasting and postprandial states in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: Fifty CAD patients were divided into Xuezhikang (XZK, n=25) group and control (CON, n=25) group randomly to receive red yeast rice exact, 1200mg/d Xuezhikang capsules or not for 6 weeks (6w). Blood lipids were detected repeatedly before and after 6w at 0, 2, 4 and 6 hours (h) after a standard breakfast with 800kcal.Result: When taking all patients as a whole (n=50), serum LDL-C level decreased while TG and RC levels increased significantly at 2, 4 and 6 h after breakfast (P＜0.05). Serum nonHDL-C level mildly but significantly increased at 4h and 6h after breakfast (P＜0.05). Short-term Xuezhikang treatment decreased tAUCs of TC, TG, LDL-C, nonHDL-C and RC whereas increased that of HDL-C significantly (P＜0.05). Serum LDL-C level showed a drop of 27.8%, 28.1%, 26.2%, 25.3% at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively, after breakfast. Serum nonHDL-C level showed a drop of 27.6%, 28.7%, 29.0% and 28.0% at 0, 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively. There was no significant difference in the percentages of reduction in LDL-C or nonHDL-C level among four time-points.Conclusions: Xuezhikang significantly decreased LDL-C or nonHDL-C level with similar percentages of reduction between fasting and postprandial states in patients with CAD, indicating that postprandial blood lipids detected at the same time point after a daily meal could replace fasting blood lipids to evaluate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in CAD patients, unwilling or unable to keep a fasting state.

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Comparison of non-fasting LDL-C levels calculated by Friedewald formula with those directly measured in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease after a daily breakfast

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk assessments using China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts in Chinese participants

Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk assessments using China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts in Chinese participants

Optimal cut-off points after a daily meal corresponding to fasting goal levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease

Comparison of the Reduction of LDL-C or nonHDL-C induced by Red Yeast Rice Extract, Xuezhikang, between Fasting and Postprandial States in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

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