The development of catalytic enantioselective C(sp3)–H metal insertion reactions has been a significant challenge. Moderate success has recently been achieved via Pd-catalyzed desymmetrization of prochiral C–H bonds located on two different carbon centers. Herein, we report the discovery of chiral acetyl-protected aminoethyl quinoline (APAQ) ligands that enables Pd(II)-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of prochiral methylene C–H bonds on the same carbon center. The feasibility of performing asymmetric Pd insertion into ubiquitous β-methylene C–H bonds of aliphatic amides offers an alternative disconnection for constructing β-chiral centers. Systematic tuning of the ligand structure reveals that a six-membered instead of a five-membered chelation of these types of ligands with the Pd(II) is essential for accelerating the C(sp3)–H activation thereby achieving enantioselectivity.
Progress toward durable
and energy-dense lithium-ion batteries
has been hindered by instabilities at electrolyte–electrode
interfaces, leading to poor cycling stability, and by safety concerns
associated with energy-dense lithium metal anodes. Solid polymeric
electrolytes (SPEs) can help mitigate these issues; however, the SPE
conductivity is limited by sluggish polymer segmental dynamics. We
overcome this limitation via zwitterionic SPEs that self-assemble
into superionically conductive domains, permitting decoupling of ion
motion and polymer segmental rearrangement. Although crystalline domains
are conventionally detrimental to ion conduction in SPEs, we demonstrate
that semicrystalline polymer electrolytes with labile ion–ion
interactions and tailored ion sizes exhibit excellent lithium conductivity
(1.6 mS/cm) and selectivity (
t
+
≈
0.6–0.8). This new design paradigm for SPEs allows for simultaneous
optimization of previously orthogonal properties, including conductivity,
Li selectivity, mechanics, and processability.
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