Comparison of multibody and finite element human body models in pedestrian accidents with the focus on head kinematics

Fahlstedt, Madelen; Halldin, Peter; Kleiven, Svein

doi:10.1080/15389588.2015.1067803

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…By using THUMS (version 1.4), Alvarez [13] investigated the influence of neck muscle activation in a simulation of a pedestrian accident, and addressed the effect of muscle activation on strain in the brain, when initiated at the time of head contact. Fahlstedt [14] compared and evaluated the difference in head kinematics between the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and THUMS (version 1.4) models in pedestrian accident situations. It was found that, although there were differences in kinematics between the THUMS and TNO pedestrian models, the two models showed similar trends for the head trajectory when various parameters were altered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Pedestrian Head Injuries—Collision Parameter Relationships through a Combination of Retrospective Analysis and Finite Element Method

Liu

Qiu

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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There are a very limited number of reports concerning the relationship between pedestrian head injuries and collision parameters through a combination of statistical analysis methods and finite element method (FEM). This study aims to explore the characteristics of pedestrian head injuries in car–pedestrian collisions at different parameters by using the two means above. A retrospective analysis of pedestrian head injuries was performed based on detailed investigation data of 61 car–pedestrian collision cases. The head damage assessment parameters (head injury criterion (HIC), peak stress on the skull, maximal principal strain for the brain) in car–pedestrian simulation experiments with four contact angles and three impact velocities were obtained by FEM. The characteristics of the pedestrian head injuries were discussed by comparing and analyzing the statistical analysis results and finite element analysis results. The statistical analysis results demonstrated a significant difference in skull fractures, contusion and laceration of brain and head injuries on the abbreviated injury scale (AIS)3+ was found at different velocities (p < 0.05) and angles (p < 0.05). The simulation results showed that, in pedestrian head-to-hood impacts, the values of head damage assessment parameters increased with impact velocities. At the same velocity, these values from the impact on the pedestrian’s back were successively greater than on the front or the side. Furthermore, head injury reconstruction and prediction results of two selected cases were consistent with the real injuries. Overall, it was further spelled out that, for shorter stature pedestrians, increased head impact velocity results in greater head injury severity in car–pedestrian collision, especially in pedestrian head-to-hood impacts. Under a back impact, the head has also been found to be at greater damage risk for shorter stature pedestrians, which may have implications on automotive design and pedestrian protection research if prevention and treatment of these injuries is to be prioritized over head injuries under a front or side impact.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of Pedestrian Head Injuries—Collision Parameter Relationships through a Combination of Retrospective Analysis and Finite Element Method

Liu

Qiu

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…In our study, the time efficiency of the currently used two pedestrian models (the full-scale MB TNO pedestrian model and the CPCBM) were compared and evaluated by simulating the same typical car-to-pedestrian impact scenario ( Figure 9) at 40 km/h lasting 240 ms using a PC with 8-core i7 CPU (Intel Core). Since the time efficiency disadvantage of the full-scale FE model was well-known [25], the THUMS pedestrian model was also included in the comparison (see Table 4). In order to ensure the comparability of the results of the models, the mass scaling percentage of all FE models were limited to 2%, and hourglass control algorithms were used to keep the ratio of hourglass energy to the total energy less than 10%, as per the recommendations of Yang and King [55].…”

Section: Calculation Efficiency Of the Human Body Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Head injury has been identified to be the most common cause of pedestrian fatality in pedestrian accidents, and substantial research efforts have been made focusing on pedestrian head injury biomechanics and prevention [25][26][27][28][29]. In this field, the FE model was frequently used for assessment of the pedestrian brain tissue injury, as the importance of brain deformation on traumatic brain injury had been extensively confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the MB model, the advantage of the FE model, being able to represent detailed human anatomical structure, makes it possible to study human tissue level injuries. However, the FE model requires high computational resources for the model adjustment and computations, which means that it is not realistic to conduct complicated traffic accident reconstruction using solely the FE model [25].Head injury has been identified to be the most common cause of pedestrian fatality in pedestrian accidents, and substantial research efforts have been made focusing on pedestrian head injury biomechanics and prevention [25][26][27][28][29]. In this field, the FE model was frequently used for assessment of the pedestrian brain tissue injury, as the importance of brain deformation on traumatic brain injury had been extensively confirmed.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Computational Biomechanics Human Body Model Coupling Finite Element and Multibody Segments for Assessment of Head/Brain Injuries in Car-To-Pedestrian Collisions

Wang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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It has been challenging to efficiently and accurately reproduce pedestrian head/brain injury, which is one of the most important causes of pedestrian deaths in road traffic accidents, due to the limitations of existing pedestrian computational models, and the complexity of accidents. In this paper, a new coupled pedestrian computational biomechanics model (CPCBM) for head safety study is established via coupling two existing commercial pedestrian models. The head–neck complex of the CPCBM is from the Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Nagakute, Japan) (Version 4.01) finite element model and the rest of the parts of the body are from the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO, The Hague, The Netherlands) (Version 7.5) multibody model. The CPCBM was validated in terms of head kinematics and injury by reproducing three cadaveric tests published in the literature, and a correlation and analysis (CORA) objective rating tool was applied to evaluate the correlation of the related signals between the predictions using the CPCBM and the test results. The results show that the CPCBM head center of gravity (COG) trajectories in the impact direction (YOZ plane) strongly agree with the experimental results (CORA ratings: Y = 0.99 ± 0.01; Z = 0.98 ± 0.01); the head COG velocity with respect to the test vehicle correlates well with the test data (CORA ratings: 0.85 ± 0.05); however, the correlation of the acceleration is less strong (CORA ratings: 0.77 ± 0.06). No significant differences in the behavior in predicting the head kinematics and injuries of the tested subjects were observed between the TNO model and CPCBM. Furthermore, the application of the CPCBM leads to substantial reduction of the computation time cost in reproducing the pedestrian head tissue level injuries, compared to the full-scale finite element model, which suggests that the CPCBM could present an efficient tool for pedestrian brain-injury research.

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Analysis of Head Protection Performance of Bicycle Helmets by Full-Scale Computational Biomechanics Modelling of Real-World Car-to-Cyclist Accidents

Wang,

Peng,

Yin

et al. 2023

Computational Biomechanics for Medicine

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Comparison of multibody and finite element human body models in pedestrian accidents with the focus on head kinematics

Abstract: There are differences in kinematics between the THUMS and TNO pedestrian models. However, these model differences are of the same magnitude as those induced by other uncertainties in the accident reconstructions, such as initial leg posture and pedestrian velocity.

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Exploration of Pedestrian Head Injuries—Collision Parameter Relationships through a Combination of Retrospective Analysis and Finite Element Method

Exploration of Pedestrian Head Injuries—Collision Parameter Relationships through a Combination of Retrospective Analysis and Finite Element Method

A Computational Biomechanics Human Body Model Coupling Finite Element and Multibody Segments for Assessment of Head/Brain Injuries in Car-To-Pedestrian Collisions

Analysis of Head Protection Performance of Bicycle Helmets by Full-Scale Computational Biomechanics Modelling of Real-World Car-to-Cyclist Accidents

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