“… Typical microhardness distribution of AA7XXX series with T6 temper joint cross-section by conventional fusion welding and LBW (according to [ 70 , 73 ]). …”
The softening phenomenon of age-hardening aluminum alloy-welded joints is severe during conventional fusion welding, which increases the likelihood of stress and strain concentration in the joint during the period of service, significantly reduces the mechanical properties compared to the base metal, and represents an obstacle to the exploration of the potential structural performance. This review paper focuses on an overview of the softening phenomenon. Firstly, the welding softening mechanism and the characteristics of age-hardening aluminum alloys are clarified. Secondly, the current main research methods that can effectively improve joint softening are summarized into three categories: low-heat-input welding, externally assisted cooling during welding, and post-weld treatment. The strengthening mechanism and performance change rule of age-hardening aluminum alloy joints are systematically analyzed. Finally, this paper considers the future development trends of further research on joint softening, and it is expected that interest in this topic will increase.
“… Typical microhardness distribution of AA7XXX series with T6 temper joint cross-section by conventional fusion welding and LBW (according to [ 70 , 73 ]). …”
The softening phenomenon of age-hardening aluminum alloy-welded joints is severe during conventional fusion welding, which increases the likelihood of stress and strain concentration in the joint during the period of service, significantly reduces the mechanical properties compared to the base metal, and represents an obstacle to the exploration of the potential structural performance. This review paper focuses on an overview of the softening phenomenon. Firstly, the welding softening mechanism and the characteristics of age-hardening aluminum alloys are clarified. Secondly, the current main research methods that can effectively improve joint softening are summarized into three categories: low-heat-input welding, externally assisted cooling during welding, and post-weld treatment. The strengthening mechanism and performance change rule of age-hardening aluminum alloy joints are systematically analyzed. Finally, this paper considers the future development trends of further research on joint softening, and it is expected that interest in this topic will increase.
“…Aluminum alloys with high amounts of alloying elements and extended mushy zone, such as Al2024 and Al7075, are more prone to weld solidification cracking [4]. So far, several investigations have been conducted to address this challenge for a variety of processes, including resistance welding [5,6], metal inert gas (MIG) welding [7,8], tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding [7,[9][10][11], laser welding [11,12], and electron beam welding [13,14]. Among effective approaches demonstrated so far are welding parameters optimization [7,10,15], using pulsed current instead of continuous current in arc welding [16,17], as well as switching from fusion welding to solid state welding methods such as friction welding [18] and friction stir welding [19,20].…”
Solidification cracking is a long-standing issue in fusion welding of high-strength aluminum alloys like Al7075, imposing limitations on their aerospace and automotive applications. The current study introduces a novel adapted approach in solidification crack elimination by incorporating TiC nanoparticles into the fusion zone using a filler paste as an easier to fabricate alternative to filler metals investigated so far. To assess the weldability of the proposed method, 3-mm thick Al7075 sheets were TIG welded (i) autogenously without any TiC nanoparticles (autogenous), (ii) heterogeneously using 1 vol.% TiC-nanoparticle enhanced Al7075 filler metal (heterogeneous filler metal), and (iii) heterogeneously using an in-house fabricated Al7075 paste containing 1 vol.% TiC nanoparticles (heterogeneous filler paste). Macroscopic analysis of weld specimens proved that both heterogeneous welding approaches effectively eliminated solidification cracks. This was confirmed by Houldcroft solidification susceptibility index deduction tests that demonstrated a strong reduction in solidification crack susceptibly in all heterogeneous joints as compared to the autogenous joint. Microstructural analysis confirmed the transformation from columnar to equiaxed grain morphology in the fusion zone as crucial factor in crack elimination. Overall, the proposed filler paste method represents a highly cost-efficient approach for eliminating solidification cracks in TIG joining of difficult to weld aluminium alloys.
“…Xiao-yong WANG et al also studied mechanical properties of magnesium to steel used Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding [8]. Mechanical and microstructure properties of a new alloy join of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu welded by TIG and Laser were compared by Liang Zhang et al [9]. I. Tomashchuk et al studied the evolution of mechanical and microstructure properties from the titanium alloy and stainless steel with copper as interlayer welded by an electron beam welding [10].…”
Dissimilar welding or joining dissimilar metals using welding process, Micro welding or welding process for joining metals less than 1 mm, have unique problem difference of thermal properties from metals lead to melting processes and thin of metal affected easy to filed (hole). Welding parameters affected to weld join performance, this study discussed effect of Micro Friction Stir Spot Welding (Micro-FSSW) parameters to performance of both thin plate of 0.5mm of Copper with 0.5 of aluminium which were joined by welding process. Tensile test was used as the mechanical performance analysis. Micro-FSSW succeeds to joint thin Cu and Al plate. Weld joint welded by shoulder diameters 6 mm, welding force 50 kgf, and 3000 rpm of rotation speed (constant), and welding time 60 sec could be achieved 401.7 N of maximum load.
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