Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediment and Seawater at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve

Khuyen, Vo Thi Kim; Le, Dinh Vu; Fischer, Andreas; Dornack, Christina

doi:10.1002/gch2.202100044

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It appeared mainly in the form of colored fibers and fragments. Polypropylene (PP) was not a main composition plastic in the seawater at the nearby beach and Cape of Dong Tranh (Khuyen et al, 2021b), but this polymer constituted the third largest group of MPs at the CT salt pan and VT as well. Furthermore, Styrofoam floats have been used for oyster larval settlement in Korea (Choi, 2008).…”

Section: Microplastic Pollution In the Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Correlation of Microplastic Pollution Between Seawater and Marine Salt Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Khuyen

Anh

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Microplastics (MPs) are synthetic polymer pieces with a size of less than 5 mm that are ubiquitous in the marine environment. They have been recently detected in several wild species and sea products. An indispensable condiment in human food is marine salt that is produced from seawater. Since toxicity studies report potential health impacts when plastic debris is ingested, more attention must be paid to the MP contamination of sea salt and the underlying reasons for this. The central aim of this study is to evaluate the MPs contamination level of sea salt in correlation with the MPs contamination level of seawater in Vietnamese areas. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to determine MPs in the samples collected from three artificial salt pans of Vietnam. The result revealed the presence of MPs in all study areas—Vung Tau (VT;14.54 MPs/L seawater and 114.67 MPs/kg salt), Ly Nhon (LN; 13.14 MPs/L seawater and 63.59 MPs/kg salt), and Can Thanh (9.42 MPs/L seawater and 93.69 MPs/kg salt). The comparisons highlight close correlations in the percentage, shape, size, and color of MPs, especially polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polypropylene particles extracted from the seawater and its salt. This study proved that seawater is a plastic pollution source for salts produced by traditional seawater evaporation. The study also alerts the prevalence of MPs in the environment and human consumables, thereby indicating that actions must be taken to reduce the pollution of water sources in Vung Tau and at the UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve and improve salt production and refinery processes in order to minimize the number of MPs in final salt products for safe consumption.

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Section: Microplastic Pollution In the Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Correlation of Microplastic Pollution Between Seawater and Marine Salt Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Khuyen

Anh

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…PE and PP were detected in mangrove sediments in Singapore, with the highest levels of PA and PVC microplastics (Nor and Obbard, 2014). The most abundant polymers found in mangrove Vietnam was PE (Khuyen et al, 2021). PS, PE, PP, and PET are almost the most abundant microplastics in Iran's Persian Gulf (Maghsodian et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Chemical Composition Of Plastics and Fingerprint Informa...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Current status and trends of research on microplastic fugacity characteristics and pollution levels in mangrove wetlands

Chen

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Microplastics have been widely detected in the environment, while mangrove wetlands are considered barriers to land-based plastic transport to the ocean, requiring special attention. However, the current literature is distributed and broad besides limited information on the fate characteristics and pollution levels. This study uses a systematic literature review method to analyze the current research status and future trends. In this study, the literature is summarized and concluded that Characteristics including color, shape, size, polymer chemistry and surface microstructure are the basic information for microplastic research in mangrove wetlands. Size is the key to studying distribution and convergence without international standards. The shape is vital to study its sources and environmental processes. Color affects biological predation and is important information for studying ecological risk. The chemical composition of plastics is the key to studying microplastics’ fingerprint information, source, and sink. The surface microstructure is an important basis for studying adsorption behavior and aging processes. Mangrove microplastic studies in China are mainly on the southern and southeastern coasts, and microplastic pollution is more severe in Fujian, Guangdong, and Guangxi than in Hainan. In contrast, studies on mangrove microplastics abroad are mainly concentrated in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Overall, microplastic contamination was detected in the major distribution areas of mangroves worldwide and was correlated with mangrove density and human activities.

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“…Penyebab yang lain adalah serpihan plastik mengalami kerusakan foto-oksidatif di bukit pasir (sand dune) yang berada di sekitar Delta Wulan, di bawah kondisi suhu dan sinar matahari yang tinggi, setelah itu plastik yang terfragmentasi diangkut ke laut. Menurut Khuyen et al (2021) Hasil pengamatan pada sampel sedimen dan air laut di Muara sungai Wulan Demak ditemukan empat bentuk mikroplastik, yaitu fragmen, fiber, film dan pelet (Gambar 3). Mikroplastik berbentuk fragmen selalu paling banyak, baik pada sedimen maupun air laut di semua stasiun (Gambar 4).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

“…Ukuran partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada sampel sedimen dan air laut sangat beragam tergantung bentuknya seperti disajikan pada Tabel 1. Mikroplastik berbentuk fiber selalu memanjang, bahkan sampai 214,53 µm di sedimen dan 259,06 µm di air laut dan hasil ini sama dengan penelitian Khuyen et al (2021). Dari data di Tabel 1 tersebut nampak bahwa partikel mikroplastik yang paling kecil adalah pellet di sedimen yang berukuran 1,00 µm, sedangkan yang terbesar adalah fiber yang ditemukan di air laut, yaitu berukuran 259,06 µm.…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

“…Adanya warna atau transparan yang memungkinan biota laut memakan mikroplastik ini karena mirip dengan makanannya (Santos et al, 2016;Ugwu et al, 2021). Bentuk dan warna mikroplastik sampai batas tertentu menunjukkan proses degradasinya (Khuyen et al, 2021). Fragmentasi disebabkan oleh kekuatan mekanik, seperti abrasi pasir atau aksi gelombang, sedangkan pelapukan fotokimia terjadi ketika mikroplastik terkena panas dan sinar ultraviolet (UV).…”

Section: Hasil Dan Pembahasanunclassified

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Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Sedimen dan Air laut di Muara Sungai Wulan Demak

et al. 2022

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Microplastics are small plastic particles that have the characteristics of easily accumulating in seawater and sediments with a diameter of less than 5 mm. The presence of microplastics in seawater and sediments may have a chain impact on marine ecosystems and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of microplastics in sediment and seawater in the Wulan River Estuary, Demak. Sediment and seawater samples were taken by purposive sampling at five different stations in line with the river mouth on 20 May 2021. Visual identification and counting of microplastics using a microscope, and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) test. The highest abundance of microplastics was found in Station 2 sediment (400 particles.Kg-1) and Station 1 seawater (99 particles.L-1) which is the end of the Wulan river flow. The diversity of microplastic characteristics in the form of fragments, fibers, pellets and films, the most abundance was fragments of particles in sediment and seawater samples. The color of the microplastic particles is predominantly black and blue, with lesser number of brown, white, red, green, yellow and purple. The microplastic particle size range was found between 1.00-259.06 m. Microplastic pollutants are nitrile, nylon and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) plastics. The results of this study reveal the sources of anthropogenic pollution in the study area which are not only caused by human activities on land but also from the movement of water in the marine environment. Mikroplastik adalah partikel plastik kecil yang memiliki karakteristik mudah terakumulasi pada air laut laut dan sedimen dengan ukuran diameter kurang dari 5 mm. Keberadaan mikroplastik pada air laut laut dan sedimen dapat memberikan dampak berantai terhadap ekosistem perair lautan dan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik mikroplastik pada sedimen dan air laut di Muara Sungai Wulan, Demak. Sampel sedimen dan air laut diambil dengan purpossive sampling di lima stasiun yang berbeda segaris dengan muara sungai pada tanggal 20 Mei 2021. Identifikasi dan penghitungan mikroplastik secara visual menggunakan mikroskop, dan uji FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). Kelimpahan mikroplastik tertinggi ditemukan pada sedimen Stasiun 2 (400 partikel.Kg-1) dan air laut Stasiun 1 (99 partikel.L-1) yang merupakan akhir dari aliran sungai Wulan. Keragaman karakteristik mikroplastik yang berupa fragment, fiber, pellet dan film, partikel fragmen terbanyak di sample sedimen dan air laut. Warna partikel mikroplastik didominasi hitam dan biru, dengan warna coklat, putih, merah, hijau, kuning dan ungu yang lebih sedikit. Rentang ukuran partikel mikroplastik yang ditemukan antara 1,00-259,06 µm. Polutan mikroplastik berjenis plastik nitrile, nylon dan PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene). Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan sumber polusi antropogenik di daerah penelitian yang tidak hanya disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia di darat tetapi juga dari pergerakan air di lingkungan laut.

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Comparison of Microplastic Pollution in Beach Sediment and Seawater at UNESCO Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Investigating the Correlation of Microplastic Pollution Between Seawater and Marine Salt Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Investigating the Correlation of Microplastic Pollution Between Seawater and Marine Salt Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Current status and trends of research on microplastic fugacity characteristics and pollution levels in mangrove wetlands

Karakteristik Mikroplastik pada Sedimen dan Air laut di Muara Sungai Wulan Demak

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