Comparison of methods of assaying urease activity in soils

Zantua, M.I.; Bremner, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(75)90069-3

Cited by 212 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The following standard properties were determined: pH-potentiometrically in 1 M KCl (ISO 10390), organic carbon content (C org )-oxidometrically (ISO 14235), and total nitrogen (Nt) by Kjeldahl method (ISO 13878). Enzymatic activity was determined by dehydrogenase activity (according to Thalmann 1968), acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity (according to Tabatabai and Bremner, 1969), urease activity (according to Zantua and Bremner 1975), and protease activity (according to Ladd and Butler 1972).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

et al. 2018

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Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the mutual relations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originated from atmospheric emissions and enzymatic activity and humic substances in soils at differently urbanized area, on an example of the Lublin city, east Poland. Materials and methods The chosen areas represented three differently urbanized environments: old tenement houses and modern residential blocks, mixture of different building and rural landscape, and typical rural environment with smallholding farms, respectively. On each of the urban, suburban, and rural areas, one representative plot was chosen on fallow lands classified as luvisol derived from loess. The soil samples were collected from the top 25 cm layer. The following properties were determined: pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, humic and fulvic acids, PAHs content (14 PAHs from US EPA list), and the activities of the following enzymes: dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkane phosphatase, protease, and urease. Results and discussion Higher contents of organic C and total N were found in the rural soil samples. The share of humic acid was similar in all soils investigated, ranging from 19.38 to 25.27%, while fulvic acid values differ significantly between urban and rural areas. The urban soils indicated much lower share of fulvic acids (9.78-10.99%) than those of rural (29.02-29.32%). Consequently, the values of the C HA :C FA ratio of the urban soil were approximately two times higher than those of the rural soil. The results showed that both the rate of humification and the activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and proteases in the soils increased in the following sequence: urban < suburban < rural. Conclusions The results showed that an increase of PAHs in the urbanized areas affect other soil properties. The phenanthrene/ anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene ratios pointed to coal combustion as the principal source of PAHs in the investigated soils. The PAH content in the urbanized area inhibit humification processes in the soil and the activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and proteases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

et al. 2018

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“…Samples were incubated at 37±2ºC for 24 h. Triphenylformazan (TPF) resulting from the reduction of TTC in soil was extracted with ethanol and the intensity of the red colour of the solution was measured at a wavelength of 485 nm on a Lambda 45 UV-VIS spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) activity (Ure) was determined with the Zantua and Bremner (1975) method, with urea as a substrate, after 18 h incubation at 37±2 ºC. Enzymatic activity of ureases was determined by colourimetry using a Backman DU 640 spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 470 nm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Mierzwa–Hersztek¹,

Gondek²,

Klimkowicz‐Pawlas³

et al. 2017

International Agrophysics

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The variety of technological conditions and raw materials from which biochar is produced is the reason why its soil application may have different effects on soil properties and plant growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of wheat straw andMiscanthus giganteusstraw (5 t DM ha−1) and biochar obtained from this materials in doses of 2.25 and 5 t DM ha−1on soil enzymatic activity, soil ecotoxicity, and plant yield (perennial grass mixture with red clover). The research was carried out under field conditions on soil with the granulometric composition of loamy sand. No significant effect of biochar amendment on soil enzymatic activity was observed. The biochar-amended soil was toxic toVibrio fischeriand exhibited low toxicity toHeterocypris incongruens. Application of wheat straw biochar andM. giganteusstraw biochar in a dose of 5 t DM ha−1contributed to an increase in plant biomass production by 2 and 14%, respectively, compared to the soil with mineral fertilisation. Biochars had a more adverse effect on soil enzymatic activity and soil ecotoxicity toH. incongruensandV. fischerithan non-converted wheat straw andM. giganteusstraw, but significantly increased the grass crop yield.

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“…Contents of 16 PAHs were analysed in the soil samples by HPLC with UV detection (254 nm) according to Baran and Oleszczuk (2001) methodology. The activity of four soil enzymes was determined: dehydrogenases (Thalmann 1968), acid and alkalic phosphatases (Tabatabai and Bremner 1969), and urease (Zantua and Bremner 1975). These enzymes play a significant role in transformation of soil organic matter and are highly sensitive to environmental factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic Activity and Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils under Low-Stack Emission in Lublin

Futa

Bielińska

Ligęza

et al. 2017

pjss

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Abstract. Soils from the Lublin area exposed to low-stack emission from home heating and transport were investigated. Changes in soil enzymatic activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content were analysed. Soil samples were collected in July and November 2016 and January 2017. Results of the study show that enzymatic activity and PAHs content depended on types of buildings, study period (intensification of pollutant emission from household heating), traffic volume and atmospheric air movement. Low enzymatic activities and high PAHs content in the soils were observed in the autumn-winter period in the areas with dense single-family housing and located in the vicinity of streets with intense road traffic.

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Comparison of methods of assaying urease activity in soils

Cited by 212 publications

References 12 publications

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

Effect of wheat and Miscanthus straw biochars on soil enzymatic activity, ecotoxicity, and plant yield

Enzymatic Activity and Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils under Low-Stack Emission in Lublin

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