Comparison of leak point pressure methods in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence

Conway, D.; Izumi, Kiyotaka; Yoshimura, Naoki; Chancellor, Michael B.; Cannon, Tracy W.

doi:10.1007/s00192-004-1263-4

Cited by 68 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Pelvic floor inhibition during voiding suggests similarities between rats and humans in the neural control of micturition. Some studies in rats have shown that levator ani denervation decreases urethral pressure and that neurectomized rats leak at sneeze (Conway et al 2005;Kamo et al 2003). However, we could not demonstrate a pelvic floor response during a LPP test and the LPP value did not decrease after levator ani nerve transection .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Gómez¹,

Jiang²,

Zaszczurynski³

et al. 2011

Advances in Applied Electromyography

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Gómez¹,

Jiang²,

Zaszczurynski³

et al. 2011

Advances in Applied Electromyography

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“…Sievert et al (33) also found that immunoreactivity in proximal and middle urethral segments for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and tyrosine hydroxylase (marker for sympathetic nerves) significantly declined after VD was induced. Neurally mediated urethral closure mechanisms (via somatic nerves) have been proposed by Kamo et al (7,17) to mediate increases in urethral pressure before sneeze transmission, followed by an increase in urethral resistance as sneeze-induced abdominal pressure exceeds increased bladder pressure. The involvement of neural mechanisms in urethral resistance is also supported by the fact that, with bilateral pudendal nerve block, there is a significant decrease in urethral closure pressure (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma

Prantil

Jankowski

Kaiho³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Prantil RL, Jankowski RJ, Kaiho Y, de Groat WC, Chancellor MB, Yoshimura N, Vorp DA. Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292: F1229 -F1237, 2007. First published December 26, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00292.2006.-Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary release of urine during sudden increases in abdominal pressures. SUI is common in women after vaginal delivery or pelvic trauma and may alter the biomechanical properties of the urethra. Thus we hypothesize that injury due to vaginal distension (VD) decreases urethral basal tone and passive stiffness. This study aimed to assess the biomechanical properties of the urethra after VD in the baseline state, where basal muscle tone and extracellular matrix (ECM) are present, and in the passive state, where inactive muscle and ECM are present. Female rat urethras were isolated in a rat model of acute SUI induced by simulated birth trauma. Our established ex vivo system was utilized, wherein we applied intraluminal static pressures ranging from 0 to 20 mmHg. Outer diameter was measured via a laser micrometer. Measurements were recorded via computer. Urethral thickness was assessed histologically. Stress-strain responses of the urethra were altered by VD. Quantification of biomechanical parameters indicated that VD decreased baseline stiffness. The passive peak incremental elastic modulus of the distal segment in VD urethras was less than for controls (1.84 Ϯ 0.67 vs. 1.19 Ϯ 0.70 ϫ 10 6 dyne/cm 2 , respectively; P ϭ 0.016). An increase was noted in passive lowpressure compliance values in proximal VD urethras compared with controls (9.44 Ϯ 2.43 vs. 4.62 Ϯ 0.60 mmHg Ϫ1 , respectively; P ϭ 0.04). Biomechanical analyses suggest that VD alters urethral basal tone, proximal urethral compliance, and distal stiffness. Lack of basal smooth muscle tone, in combination with these changes in the proximal and distal urethra, may contribute to SUI induced by VD. stress urinary incontinence; sphincter; collagen COSTS FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE exceed $16 billion annually, and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the most common type of urinary incontinence among middle-aged women (25,26). SUI is associated with weakened and overstretched muscles and connective tissues, which lead to reduced muscle tension in the urethral sphincter complex. This results in the inability of the urethra to close tightly during increased abdominal pressure. Particularly in younger women, neuromuscular injury during vaginal birth often causes disorders involving sphincteric mechanisms (30). The incidence of intrinsic sphincter deficiency was recently found to be greater than previously thought (18), and previous clinical studies suggested that impaired urethral closure mechanisms contribute to intrinsic sphincter deficiency in SUI.Decreased electromyographic activity of the striated urethral sphincter muscle has been detected in middle-aged women with SUI (37). Using a rat model of birth trauma, Resplande et al. (28) ...

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Section: General Preparations the Institutional Animal Care And Usementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six rats of each sex were used to measure LPP via the vertical-tilt table method (11,29). The vertical-tilt table method was used in this study since it is more sensitive and reliable for measuring resting state LPP than is manual compression of the Crede method (11). Before the tests, the spinal cord was acutely transected at the T 9-T10 level to eliminate reflex bladder activity in response to increasing IVP, but this did not interfere with the spinal continence reflexes of the bladder neck or urethra (11,22,24).…”

Section: General Preparations the Institutional Animal Care And Usementioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexually dimorphic urethral activity in response to pharmacological activation of 5-HT_1A receptors in the rat

Fan

Chen

et al. 2013

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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In this study, we examined the possibility that 5-HT 1A receptors may underlie sexually dimorphic mechanisms affecting the regulation of urethral functions in anesthetized rats. Simultaneous recordings of intravesical pressure under isovolumetric conditions, external urethral sphincter-electromyography, and urethral perfusion pressure were used to examine the effects of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist [8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT)] and antagonist (WAY-100635) on bladder and urethral functions. This research also evaluated the effects of 8-OH-DPAT and ␣-bungarotoxin (a neuromuscular blockade agent) on urethral continence using leak point pressure testing, and the distribution of 5-HT 1A receptors in the lower urinary tract was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The serotonergic mechanism that controls the urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter-electromyography activity showed no significant sexual differences, but urethral activity in urethral perfusion pressure and leak point pressure values exhibited some sexual differences. 8-OH-DPAT enhanced urethral pressure during continence in rats of both sexes, but the drug elevated the pressure during voiding in male rats and reduced it in female rats. The distribution of 5-HT 1A receptors in the spinal cord also showed some sexual differences. The present study contributes to our understanding of the role of 5-HT1A receptors in physiological and immunohistochemical properties of urethral smooth muscle in rats of different sexes. These findings may be a basis for the future development of pharmacotherapies for stress urinary incontinence in men. intravesical pressure; external urethral sphincter-electromyography; urethral perfusion pressure; 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin; WAY-100635; serotonin SEROTONERGIC AGENTS, such as duloxetine, are clinically used to treat stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women (14). Despite satisfactory results in most female patients, there are few reports regarding the effect of duloxetine on SUI in men. Because the incidence of SUI in men is dramatically lower than in women, SUI is generally considered to be a female issue (27,42). However, epidemiological studies have suggested that men are sometimes severely afflicted with SUI (27) and suffer greater emotional impacts than women (44). Currently, duloxetine has not been approved for treating SUI in men, but the drug has been used off label in some pilot studies; the studies (17,40,48) showed that the drug may produce a marked improvement in men with urinary incontinence.The rat model has now gained great popularity as the main species for developing pharmacologically based treatments of SUI. Effects of a 5-HT receptor agonist on regulatory bladder functions have been extensively investigated in female animals (5,6,15,19,23,28,43). To the best of our knowledge, few studies have explored the role of 5-HT 1A receptors in regulating urethral functions in male rats. In addition, many cases of sexually anatomic and functional dimorphism in the lower urinary trac...

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Comparison of leak point pressure methods in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma

Sexually dimorphic urethral activity in response to pharmacological activation of 5-HT_1A receptors in the rat

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Comparison of leak point pressure methods in an animal model of stress urinary incontinence

Cited by 68 publications

References 30 publications

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Electromyography of Pelvic Floor Muscles in Rats

Ex vivo biomechanical properties of the female urethra in a rat model of birth trauma

Sexually dimorphic urethral activity in response to pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the rat

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Sexually dimorphic urethral activity in response to pharmacological activation of 5-HT_1A receptors in the rat