Comparison of International and Domestic Methods of Providing Housing After Disasters

Koshiyama, Kenji

doi:10.20965/jdr.2011.p0230

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…After the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, Japan's housing recovery policy was a "one-track" policy, providing a single option -pre-fabricated temporary housing -for the temporary housing phase and a single option of government-subsidized rental public housing for permanent housing recovery (Koshiyama 2011 ). Back then, those who did not follow this singular track received very little governmental support for housing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake

Iuchi

Maly

Johnson³

2014

Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research

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Since March 11 2011, the national government of Japan has invested signifi cant resources to aid recovery in the Tohoku region, devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and tsunami. Thus far, 25 trillion yen (approximately US$ 250 billion) has been committed, a 10-year national Reconstruction Agency has been established to guide the process, and many planning policies and rebuilding programs have been developed and implemented. During this time, four Prefectures and 81 local governments have also crafted recovery plans, and identifi ed national rebuilding programs for use in implementing their plans. The fi rst sites for permanent relocated settlements have been completed, and some residents have already moved into permanent disaster recovery public housing. At the same time, approximately 267,000 people are still displaced and living in temporary housing as of March 2014.This chapter provides an overview of policies and programs for rebuilding from the GEJE that have a strong emphasis on reducing risk for future tsunamis, along with the awareness of the need for both physical and non-physical aspects of disaster mitigation. Focus is given to describing policies and programs for land use, temporary housing and the current conditions of disaster survivors in regaining stability in their lives. Also, the progress of program implementation and livelihood rebuilding in communities is clarifi ed, to explain the unprecedented challenges and emerging opportunities that affected localities and communities are experiencing due to the unique nature of the tsunami impacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake

Iuchi

Maly

Johnson³

2014

Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research

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“…The Japanese system [36] prioritized entrance to the THAs for those affected people who could not afford a house, starting with the elderly and disabled, meaning that in Kobe’s THAs 30% of residents were seniors and disabled, in comparison to 14% in the overall population [35]. Although these measures were designed to help the most disadvantaged segments of the population recover [37], they had the opposite effect. The THAs furthest from downtown were the first to be built (since the land was publicly owned) and it was there that the most disadvantaged entered first, leaving them isolated in the outer districts ([26], VII, 21).…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Japanese Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Areas’ (THAs) Design on Mental and Social Health

Bris

Bendito

2019

IJERPH

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The phenomenon named kodokushi, meaning death alone without the care or company of anyone inside temporary housing, appeared after the Kobe earthquake in Japan in 1995 with some 250 cases. This paper analyzes the evolution of Japanese temporary houses—to attempt to prevent the problem of kodokushi—from the point of view of management, how services and activities are organized, and design. We will use case studies as our methodological tool, analyzing the responses in 1995 Kobe (50,000 THs), 2004 Chūetsu (3000 THs), 2011 Tōhoku (50,000 THs), and 2016 Kumamoto (4000 THs). This article shows how the Japanese THAs follow a single design that has undergone very little variation in the last 25 years, a design which promotes the social isolation of their residents, making recovery—from the psychological perspective—and helping the most vulnerable members of society, more difficult. In small scale disasters (Chūetsu) applying organization and management measures was able to correct the problems caused by design and there were no cases of kodokushi: in large-scale disasters (Tōhoku), however, the difficulties to implement the same measures resulted in the reappearance of new cases at rates similar to Kobe’s. Our main conclusion is that the design of Japanese THAs must be reconsidered and changed to respond to the real needs of the most vulnerable groups.

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“…Koshiyama (2011) outlines the general argument for this solution, which is that it supports the lowest income segments of the population, although it can also be criticized as an inflexible single-track approach. One main problem with this single-track approach was that it ignored and provided no support for homeowners or landlords who wanted to rebuild their houses, apartments, or shops, focusing instead on one single way to provide housing for only the most desperate segment of the population, while leaving everyone else to fend for themselves.…”

Section: The Single-track Approach: From Temporary Housing To Public mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a policy that supports people-centered housing recovery—learning from housing reconstruction after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe, Japan

Maly

Shiozaki

2012

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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The goal of disaster recovery is for survivors to regain stability in their lives, livelihoods, and housing. A people-centered housing recovery requires that residents are empowered to make decisions about their housing reconstruction, and that policies create housing options that support the ability of all residents to reconstruct their homes and lives. The 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake caused the largest amount of damage in Japan since World War II, and the subsequent recovery is a starting point for understanding contemporary post-disaster housing reconstruction policies in Japan. Beyond an overview of housing reconstruction programs, we can understand the impact these policies had on Kobe residents' housing and community recovery. In many cases, housing policies implemented after the Kobe earthquake fragmented communities and caused further damage and disruption in the lives of the survivors. A single-track approach failed to support the entire population of the disaster-stricken area. In subsequent years, Japanese disaster reconstruction laws and policies have seen modifications and improvements. Some of these changes can be seen in cases of recovery after more recent disasters, notably after the 2004 Chuetsu Earthquake in Niigata Prefecture. In the context of these past examples, we can consider what is needed for a people-centered recovery in the Tohoku area after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami.

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Comparison of International and Domestic Methods of Providing Housing After Disasters

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake

Three Years After a Mega-disaster: Recovery Policies, Programs and Implementation After the Great East Japan Earthquake

Impact of Japanese Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Areas’ (THAs) Design on Mental and Social Health

Towards a policy that supports people-centered housing recovery—learning from housing reconstruction after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Kobe, Japan

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