Comparison of innate immune activation after prolonged feeding of milk fermented with three species of Lactobacilli

Abstract

The present investigation aimed at identifying the abilities of three different species of probiotic lactobacilli to modulate cellular immune responses in mouse neutrophils and macrophages in vivo over a study period of 60 days. Neutrophil respiratory burst enzymes (cytochrome c reductase and MPO) showed remarkable increased activity (P 0.01) after consumption of milks fermented by different species of probiotics over 30 and 60 days of feeding trials. Enzyme activities (b-galactosidase and bglucuronidase) and nitric oxide production also increased considerably (P 0.01) in macrophages, both in peritoneal fluid and in enriched cell cultures. The effects of enhanced enzyme activities were corroborated by simultaneous increases in the phagocytic activities of neutrophils and macrophages. The increases in cellular functions were invariably maximal during the first 30 days of study and were maintained, but did not increase, over the next 30 days. Further, Lactobacillus helveticus-fed groups were most effective at modulating neutrophil functions whereas Lactobacillus paracasei-fed groups were more potent at enhancing macrophage functions. Together, our results indicate that probiotics have strain specific effects on stimulating cellular functions while not causing excessive stimulation of the immune system over longer feeding periods, thereby resulting in maximum and stable health benefits.

Influence of intrauterine administration of Lactobacillus buchneri on reproductive performance and pro-inflammatory endometrial mRNA expression of cows with subclinical endometritis

“…Bacterial contaminations of the bovine uterus are almost inevitable with a prevalence of around 90% 53 with pathogenic bacteria being the main cause for the development of endometritis 54 , 55 . The immunostimulatory effects for lactobacilli were also observed in earlier studies 19 , 56 , 57 and the present study also suggests that lactobacilli are supportive for the containment of these pathogenic bacteria. It was also shown that a distinct lactobacilli strain alone or in combination with other reduced an E. coli infection and affected the pro-inflammatory reaction in bovine endometrial cells in vitro 58 , 59 .…”

Consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MTCC: 5897) containing fermented milk plays a key role in development of the immune system in newborn mice during the suckling–weaning transition

“…In the present study, we assessed the release of lysosomal enzymes and NO as indicators of leukocyte functionality in neonate mice and found that PFM administration to mothers during the suckling period (BD‐PS and BD‐PS + PW) enhances their release into peritoneal fluid and supernatants of cultured macrophages, respectively, as compared with BD and vehicle (skim milk) controls. These results are in agreement with previous studies in which oral administration of probiotic‐containing ( L. casei, L. helveticus and L. paracasei ) fermented milk resulted in significant release of lysosomal enzymes (β‐galactosidase and β‐glucuronidase) and NO into both peritoneal fluid and the supernatants of activated macrophages, respectively, during short‐term (7 days) and long‐term feeding experiments with probiotics (60 days) in adult animals.…”

“…Peritoneal fluid was collected from the peritoneal cavities of mice with 5 mL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) Ham's F12 medium following gentle massage of the abdomen as described previously by Kapila et al . . The numbers of various leukocytes in peritoneal exudate suspensions were counted on a Neubeur's chamber.…”

Cross-talk between probiotic lactobacilli and host immune system

“…The activation of peritoneal macrophages is one parameter that indicates the stimulation of the systemic immune system but the mechanism used by probiotic strains is still unclear. Several authors observed the increase in the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage after 2, 5 or 8 days of feeding with probiotics cultures (Kapila et al 2007(Kapila et al , 2012Rajpal and Kansal 2009), even after 60 days (Kapila et al 2013). Same effects were perceived with the probiotic Dahi culture namely DI (containing Lact.…”

“…, ; Rajpal and Kansal ), even after 60 days (Kapila et al . ). Same effects were perceived with the probiotic Dahi culture namely DI (containing Lact.…”