Comparison of In Situ and In Vitro Techniques for Measuring Ruminal Degradation of Animal By-Product Proteins

England, M.L.; Broderick, G.A.; Shaver, R.D.; Combs, D.K.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76258-1

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As a consequence of the offsetting effects observed for the solubility and the degradation rate, the degradability values for CP and TAA were similar, which shows that the degradability of true protein of SBM should not be different to that of the total nitrogen compounds. The CP degradability value was somewhat higher than the mean values of 62% and 65% recorded, respectively, by Verite et al [33] and the National Research Council [17], but it is close to those of Aufrere et al [2], and England et al [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Rumen effective degradability of amino acids from soybean meal corrected for microbial contamination

et al. 2000

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-Rumen degradation kinetics and effective degradability of individual amino acids, total analysed amino acids (TAA) and crude protein (CP) of soybean meal were measured on four rumencannulated wethers using the nylon bag technique. Microbial contamination of the incubated residues was corrected using a continuous 15 N intraruminal infusion and isolated solid associated bacteria as a reference sample. TAA showed a lower soluble fraction (14.9 vs. 20.8%; P < 0.01), a similar insoluble-degradable fraction (79.0 vs. 79.2%) and a higher degradation rate (11.5 vs. 8.4% . h -1 ; P < 0.05) than CP. As a consequence, effective degradability was similar for TAA and CP (74.7 vs. 75.7%). Degradability values of individual amino acids varied moderately (range: ±6% of TAA degradability). Valine, isoleucine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid and tyrosine showed significantly lower degradability than TAA, while the opposite effect was observed for histidine, threonine and glutamic acid. Degradability of individual amino acids was related to their soluble fraction (r = 0.877; P < 0.001).amino acids degradability / soybean meal / microbial contamination Résumé -Dégradabilité ruminale, corrigée par la contamination microbienne, des acides aminés du tourteau de soja. Les cinétiques de dégradation ruminale et la dégradabilité théorique des acides aminés individuels, des acides aminés totaux analysés (AAT) et des matières azotées totales (MAT) du tourteau de soja ont été établies par la méthode des sachets de nylon sur quatre béliers fistulés dans le rumen. Les résultats ont été corrigés en fonction de la contamination microbienne des résidus, moyennant l'infusion en continu de 15 N dans le rumen et l'emploi comme référence d'un échantillon de bactéries adhérentes isolées du rumen. Les AAT ont été moins solubles que les MAT Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 579-586 579

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Rumen effective degradability of amino acids from soybean meal corrected for microbial contamination

et al. 2000

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“…The various degradability parameters for the nylon bags were analysed by a variance analysis (SAS GLM procedure [33] Madsen and Hvelplund [23], Inra [20] and Aufr6re et al [3], but it is close to those of Windschit and Stem [43] and England et al [13]. The 'a' value of the immediately soluble fraction of the control meal is low and agrees with the DE1 results and those in the literature, and is due to the high temperature (around 115-120 °C) applied in the technical oil extraction process.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation in the rumen of treated and untreated soya bean meal proteins

Aufrere¹,

Garcés²,

Graviou³

et al. 1999

Ann. Zootech.

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-In order to estimate the quantity of solubilized nitrogen in the rumen that can contribute to intestinal feed non-ammonia nitrogen, degradation in the rumen was studied both for a control soya bean meal (cSBM) and a treated one (tSBM) to assess simultaneously the kinetics of: 1) protein disappearance from rumen bags and 2) rumen fluid contents in various nitrogen fractions in the rumen fluid: total nitrogen (Nt), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N), non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN), peptides-N and amino acids-N, and true protein (protein-N). Measurements were taken on four sheep fed successively with four diets consisting of hay plus one of the two meals, in the proportion of 40 % and 20 % control meal (cSBM 40 % and cSBM 20 %), 40 % treated meal (tSBM) and a control diet based on hay alone supplemented with starch and urea (HSU). The effective degradability estimated with the nylon bag method was 0.727 and 0.502 for cSBM and tSBM, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the cSBM conglycinins were degraded at a higher rate in the rumen than glycinins. The same proteins were degraded at a slower rate in the tSBM. Most of the nitrogen degraded in the rumen fluid was in NH 3 -N form, and only 30 % as NAN. For cSBM, NAN comprised protein-N (concentration was low 1 and 2 h after feeding), peptides-N and amino acids-N, while for the treated meal the NAN comprised solely peptides-N and amino acids-N. These results showed that for soya bean meal -a feed in which the dietary proteins are strongly degraded at moderate rates -very little of the solubilized proteins from the bags can escape degradation in the rumen. Whatever the meal studied (treated or untreated), the estimation of feed NAN in rumen fluid able to escape degradation in the rumen compared to the degraded proteins (

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“…The linear increase (P = 0.001) in DM digestibility was probably related to the replacement of the basal diet with RUP from animal sources (O'Mara et al, 1998). The quadratic response for apparent N digestibility and the interaction (P = 0.02) between supplement composition and level of feeding probably reflects the conclusion of England et al (1997), from their in vitro work, that post-ruminal N digestibility of hydrolyzed FTM could limit its value as an RUP source.…”

Section: Dmi and Nitrogen Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The linear increase in milk protein content likely reflects the improved postruminal supply of AA to support milk protein synthesis. Animal-based protein sources, including FM and FTM, are resistant to rapid degradation in the rumen and can increase the postruminal delivery, of AA (England et al, 1997;O'Mara et al, 1998) to support increased milk protein synthesis. The advantage of relatively more FM compared with more FTM to support increased milk protein content is supported by the work of England et al (1997), who concluded from their in vitro pepsin-HCl incubations that the RUP value of FTM could be restricted by its lower intestinal digestibility.…”

Section: Milk Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fecal N output differences (P = 0.001) related to supplement reflects the lower intake of N for cows consuming the 4FM:1FTM diets as a result of the diet selection by the cows. The benefits towards milk N output for the 4FM:1FTM supplement likely reflects the better RUP value of relatively more FM compared to FTM (England et al, 1997) for supporting milk protein synthesis. The difference in milk protein content from cows fed the 4FM:1FTM compared with 1FM:4FTM might also be attributed to AA composition.…”

Section: Dmi and Nitrogen Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Combinations of Fish Meal and Feather Meal on Milk Fatty Acid Content and Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cows

Wright

Holub

Hill

et al. 2003

Journal of Dairy Science

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The effect of supplemental fishmeal in combination with feathermeal at two different proportions in the diet on milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content was investigated. Recently, benefits to human health have been attributed to the consumption of this fatty acid, which is normally present in marine lipids. Six Holstein cows past peak lactation were used in a Latin square design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Fish- and feathermeals were prepared as pellets at 4:1 and 1:4 combinations and offered at 3.75, 11.75, and 27% of the diet. The supplements were top-dressed onto a basal diet based on corn silage that was progressively replaced by supplement. Nitrogen balance measures were made during the experiment because of the wide range in crude protein content of experimental diets. Milk protein content increased with level of supplementation in the diet reflecting the protein quality of the supplements used. There was overall higher milk DHA content when cows consumed the supplement containing more fishmeal than feather meal. Milk DHA content increased in a quadratic fashion, as more of either supplement was included in the diet. Apparent transfer efficiency of DHA from diet to milk declined with increasing amount of DHA in the diet. Results from this experiment suggest that transfer of docosahexaenoic acid from diet to milk may depend on diet composition and quantity present in the diet.

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Comparison of In Situ and In Vitro Techniques for Measuring Ruminal Degradation of Animal By-Product Proteins

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Rumen effective degradability of amino acids from soybean meal corrected for microbial contamination

Rumen effective degradability of amino acids from soybean meal corrected for microbial contamination

Degradation in the rumen of treated and untreated soya bean meal proteins

Effect of Combinations of Fish Meal and Feather Meal on Milk Fatty Acid Content and Nitrogen Utilization in Dairy Cows

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