Comparison of immobilisation of air pollution control residues with cement and with silica

Geysen, Daneel; Vandecasteele, Carlo; Jaspers, Mariet; Wauters, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2003.12.001

Cited by 37 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Carbonation of APC residues prior to treatment may not be a consistent occurrence but has significant implications for the properties of the residues (Baciocchi et al 2009;Cappai et al 2012;Li et al 2007;Wang et al 2010). Unless care is taken to control the process, carbonation will provide another mechanism by which residue characteristics and therefore behaviour will concentrations (at l/s=10) covered ranges similar to those which can be observed when comparing results reported throughout previous literature (Cl: 96,300-~500,000 mg/kg; SO 4 : 7000-20,490 mg/kg) (Baciocchi et al 2009;Cappai et al 2012;Geysen et al 2004b;Lampris et al 2009;Li et al 2007;Quina et al 2008b). The mineralogical variability of the residues also had implications for their respective ANC and pH buffering behaviour.…”

Section: Characterisation Of As-received Residuessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Variability in the concentration of minor and trace elements, chloride and sulphate salts, and the quantity of residual scrubber present can also be seen throughout the literature concerned with APC residue composition and treatment methods e.g. (Baciocchi et al 2009;Cappai et al 2012;De Boom and Degrez 2012;Dyer et al 2006;Geysen et al 2004b;Li et al 2007;Quina et al 2008b;Wang et al 2010). Residue properties vary not only between facilities but also over time when collected from a single facility (Environment Agency 2002;Quina et al 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One option which has received considerable attention is treatment by stabilisation/solidification (s/s) (Alba et al 2001;Dyer et al 2006;Geysen et al 2004b;Kougemitrou et al 2011;Lampris et al 2011;Shirley and Black 2011b). The high level of variability in the mineralogy and morphology of APC residues may have significant implications for the behaviour and properties of s/s products because the properties of freshly blended cements, the process of cement hydration, and the resultant microstructure of cementitious matrices are all sensitive to the chemistry and physical properties of the system (Neville and Brooks 1994;Taylor 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste incinerator residue treatment: variability implications

Shirley

Hawthorne²,

Black³

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and R

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Air pollution control residues are a hazardous waste, collected when controlling the flue gas emissions created within modern energy from waste (EfW) incinerators. They are inherently variable with regards to mineralogy and morphology. However, this variability is frequently neglected throughout the scientific literature concerned with their management. This work characterises residues collected from five different UK facilities and highlights the implications of their compositional variability for the performance of products resulting from a stabilisation/solidification treatment. It is demonstrated that the variability is of significance for the mineralogy and several key engineering properties of the products, and links between the properties of the residues and the behaviour of the products are shown. Residue variability should be considered when researching technical management options. Treatments are likely to require modification in order to satisfy performance envelopes for individual batches of residue.

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Section: Characterisation Of As-received Residuessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste incinerator residue treatment: variability implications

Shirley

Hawthorne²,

Black³

2015

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and R

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“…With silica-containing materials, that limit could be reached. The physical immobilisation of Pb is better in case of the cement-treatment than with micro-silica Geysen et al (2004b) treatment with cement are related with the significant increase in the mass (almost double) disposed of, the low retention of salts, which may leach out in the short term, the possible release of heavy metals in the medium to long term, and finally the problem of the monolith formed at the landfill site that will hardly ever be used again. The main advantages come from the fact that this technology is well established and low cost.…”

Section: Solidification/stabilization (S/s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Bordado²,

2008

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This work reviews strategies for the management of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residues, particularly solid particles collected from flue gases. These tiny particles may be retained by different equipment, with or without additives (lime, activated carbon, etc.), and depending on the different possible combinations, their properties may vary. In industrial plants, the most commonly used equipment for heat recovery and the cleaning of gas emissions are: heat recovery devices (boiler, superheater and economiser); dry, semidry or wet scrubbers; electrostatic precipitators; bag filters; fabric filters, and cyclones. In accordance with the stringent regulations in force in developed countries, these residues are considered hazardous, and therefore must be treated before being disposed of in landfills. Nowadays, research is being conducted into specific applications for these residues in order to prevent landfill practices. There are basically two possible ways of handling these residues: landfill after adequate treatment or recycling as a secondary material. The different types of treatment may be grouped into three categories: separation processes, solidification/stabilization, and thermal methods. These residues generally have limited applications, mainly due to the fact that they tend to contain large quantities of soluble salts (NaCl, KCl, calcium compounds), significant amounts of toxic heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd) in forms that may easily leach out, and trace quantities of very toxic organic compounds (dioxin, furans). The most promising materials for recycling this residue are ceramics and glass-ceramic materials.The main purpose of the present paper is to review the published literature in this field. A range of studies have been summarized in a series of tables focusing upon management strategies used in various countries, waste composition, treatment processes and possible applications.

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“…The APC residues must be treated before disposed of in landfills, in accordance with the corresponding environmental legislation. The current treatments can be grouped into three types: (i) separation of the potential toxic pollutants [2][3][4][5][6][7]; (ii) solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment [8][9][10][11][12][13]; (iii) thermal treatments [14][15][16][17][18]. Some studies integrate different types of treatments by combining separation, S/S and or thermal methods [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of air pollution control residues produced in a municipal solid waste incinerator in Portugal

Quina

Santos²,

Bordado

et al. 2008

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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This study is mainly related with the physical and chemical characterization of a solid waste, produced in a municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration process, which is usually referred as air pollution control (APC) residue. The moisture content, loss on ignition (LOI), particle size distribution, density, porosity, specific surface area and morphology were the physical properties addressed here. At the chemical level, total elemental content (TC), total availability (TA) and the leaching behaviour with compliance tests were determined, as well as the acid neutralization capacity (ANC). The main mineralogical crystalline phases were identified, and the thermal behaviour of the APC residues is also shown. The experimental work involves several techniques such as laser diffraction spectrometry, mercury porosimetry, helium pycnometry, gas adsorption, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), ion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and simultaneous thermal analysis (STA). The results point out that the APC residues do not comply with regulations in force at the developed countries, and therefore the waste should be considered hazardous. Among the considered heavy metals, lead, zinc and chromium were identified as the most problematic ones, and their total elemental quantities are similar for several samples colleted in an industrial plant at different times. Moreover, the high amount of soluble salts (NaCl, KCl, calcium compounds) may constitute a major problem and should be taken into account for all management strategies. The solubility in water is very high (more than 24% for a solid/liquid ratio of 10) and thus the possible utilizations of this residue are very limited, creating difficulties also in the ordinary treatments, such as in solidification/stabilization with binders.

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Comparison of immobilisation of air pollution control residues with cement and with silica

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Waste incinerator residue treatment: variability implications

Waste incinerator residue treatment: variability implications

Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: An overview

Characterization of air pollution control residues produced in a municipal solid waste incinerator in Portugal

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