Comparison of hydrological responses to the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes

Shi, Zheming; Wang, Guangcai; Wang, Chi‐Yuen; Manga, Michael; Liu, Chenglong

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.048

Cited by 55 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Modeling of volumetric strain due to fault movement during earthquakes has been conducted in previous studies Rojstaczer et al 1995;Koizumi et al 1996;Quilty and Roeloffs 1997;Grecksch et al 1999;Lee et al 2002;Matsumoto et al 2003;Koizumi et al 2004;Itaba et al 2008;Shi et al 2014;Cucci and Tertulliani 2015). The polarities of some calculated strains are moderately consistent with the observed changes; however, the magnitude of most calculated strains did not match the observed changes Grecksch et al 1999;Matsumoto et al 2003;Koizumi et al 2004;Itaba et al 2008;Shi et al 2014). Long-term data of groundwater level in the near-field revealed that only co-seismic falls were recorded at LJ3 and 11 out of 13 changes were co-seismic rises at PD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Impacts of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater-level changes induced by earthquakes

et al. 2017

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Changes in groundwater level during earthquakes have been reported worldwide. In this study, field observations of co-seismic groundwater-level changes in wells under different aquifer conditions and sampling intervals due to near-field earthquake events in Taiwan are presented. Sustained changes, usually observed immediately after earthquakes, are found in the confined aquifer. Oscillatory changes due to the dynamic strain triggered by passing earthquake waves can only be recorded by a high-frequency data logger. While co-seismic changes recover rapidly in an unconfined aquifer, they can sustain for months or longer in a confined aquifer. Three monitoring wells with long-term groundwaterlevel data were examined to understand the association of coseismic changes with local hydrogeological conditions. The finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the porepressure changes induced by the displacements due to fault rupture. The calculated co-seismic change in pore pressure is related to the compressibility of the formation. The recovery rate of the change is rapid in the unconfined aquifer due to the hydrostatic condition at the water table, but slow in the confined aquifer due to the less permeable confining layer.Fracturing of the confining layer during earthquakes may enhance the dissipation of pore pressure and induce the discharge of the confined aquifer. The study results indicated that aquifer characteristics play an important role in determining groundwater-level changes during and after earthquakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Impacts of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater-level changes induced by earthquakes

et al. 2017

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“…Once climatic, tidal and anthropogenic anomalies have been identified, distinct positive and negative groundwater level changes, and increased groundwater discharge associated with large intermediate and far‐field earthquakes can be readily identified (Figures ). The amplitudes of the observed earthquake‐related groundwater level responses are of the order of 10 −2 to 10 1 m (i.e., centimeters to meters in scale), which include many >1 m scale responses that are relatively large in comparison to previously reported international examples of intermediate and far‐field responses [e.g., Brodsky et al ., ; Chia et al ., ; Roeloffs , ; Shi et al ., , ]. The durations of the groundwater level changes, persisting for several months to more than a year, are also relatively long.…”

Section: Methods and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, much research into earthquake‐induced hydrologic phenomena has involved either data from a single site that span multiple earthquakes [ Roeloffs , ; Matsumoto et al ., ; Shi and Wang , ; Weingarten and Ge , ] or data from many sites recording a single earthquake [ Wang et al ., ; Chia et al ., ; Cox et al ., ; Yan et al ., ]. A few studies have now started utilizing continent‐wide records of multiple earthquakes at multiple sites [ Parvin et al ., ; Shi et al ., , ]. By eliminating variables, it may be possible to clarify the importance and interactions of various extrinsic (earthquake and tectonic), intrinsic (local hydrogeological), and anthropogenic (human‐related) influences on responses observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatially and temporally systematic hydrologic changes within large geoengineered landslides, Cromwell Gorge, New Zealand, induced by multiple regional earthquakes

2016

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Geoengineered groundwater systems within seven large (23 × 104–9 × 106 m2), deep‐seated (40–300 m), previously slow‐creep (2–5 mm/yr.) schist landslides in the Cromwell Gorge responded systematically to 11 large (Mw > 6.2) earthquakes at epicentral distances of 130–630 km between 1990 and 2013. Landslide groundwater is strongly compartmentalized and often overpressured, with permeability of 10−17 to 10−13 m2 and flow occurring primarily through fracture and crush zones, hindered by shears containing clayey gouge. Hydrological monitoring recorded earthquake‐induced meter‐ or centimeter‐scale changes in groundwater levels (at 22 piezometers) and elevated drainage discharge (at 11 V notch weirs). Groundwater level changes exhibited consistent characteristics at all monitoring sites, with time to peak‐pressure changes taking ~1 month and recovery lasting 0.7–1.2 years. Changes in weir flow rate near instantaneous (peaking 0–6 h after earthquakes) and followed by recession lasting ~1 month. Responses at each site were systematic from one earthquake to another in terms of duration, polarity, and amplitude. Consistent patterns in amplitude and duration have been compared between sites and with earthquake parameters (peak ground acceleration (PGA), seismic energy density (e), shaking duration, frequency bandwidth, and site amplitude). Shaking at PGA ~0.27% g and e ~ 0.21 J m−3 induced discernable gorge‐wide hydrological responses at thresholds comparable to other international examples. Groundwater level changes modeled using a damped harmonic oscillator characterize the ability of the system to resist and recover from extrinsic perturbations. The observed character of response reflects spectral characteristics as well as energy. Landslide hydrological systems appear most susceptible to damage and hydraulic changes when earthquakes emit broad‐frequency, long‐duration, high‐amplitude ground motion.

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“…; Shi et al . ). Investigation of earthquake‐induced hydrological changes in the near field has practical significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Earthquake‐related temperature changes in two neighboring hot springs at Xiangcheng, China

2015

Geofluids

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Pre-earthquake and postearthquake temperature changes were documented in two hot springs at Xiangcheng. Pre-earthquake changes were documented in spring I, 13 days before and 106 km away from the M s 5.8 Zhongdian earthquake. The 11-year cutoff spring spouted again, and the spouted water was 24°C hotter than the former escaping gas. Postearthquake changes were documented in spring II following the 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, approximately 425 km away from the epicenter. Temperature in spring II showed a step-like increase with a magnitude of 4°C induced by the earthquake. Spring I which is 0.3 m apart from spring II did not show a sudden change following the earthquake. However, temperatures in the two springs were identical after the Wenchuan earthquake. It indicates that the earthquake generated new hydraulic connectivity between springs I and II, and the heat transport between the two springs accounts for the postearthquake temperature changes.

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Comparison of hydrological responses to the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes

Cited by 55 publications

References 42 publications

Impacts of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater-level changes induced by earthquakes

Impacts of hydrogeological characteristics on groundwater-level changes induced by earthquakes

Spatially and temporally systematic hydrologic changes within large geoengineered landslides, Cromwell Gorge, New Zealand, induced by multiple regional earthquakes

Earthquake‐related temperature changes in two neighboring hot springs at Xiangcheng, China

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