Comparison of HPV prevalence between HPV-vaccinated and non-vaccinated young adult women (20–26 years)

Abstract

There is some concern about the effectiveness of the HPV vaccine among young adult women due to the risk of prior HPV infection. This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 data to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV vaccination among women 20-26 years of age who were vaccinated after 12 years of age. This cross-sectional study examined 878 young adult women (20-26 years) with complete information on HPV prevalence and HPV vaccination status from NHANES 2007-2012. Vaginal swab specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA by L1 consensus polymerase chain reaction followed by type-specific hybridization. Multivariate logistic regression models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were used to compare type-specific HPV prevalence between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. A total of 21.4% of young adult women surveyed through NHANES between 2007 and 2012 received the HPV vaccine. Vaccinated women had a lower prevalence of vaccine types than unvaccinated women (7.4% vs 17.1%, prevalence ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.88). The prevalence of high-risk nonvaccine types was higher among vaccinated women than unvaccinated women (52.1% vs 40.4%, prevalence ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.06-1.57), but this difference was attenuated after adjusting for sexual behavior variables (adjusted prevalence ratio 1.19, 95% CI 0.99-1.43). HPV vaccination was effective against all 4 vaccine types in young women vaccinated after age 12. However, vaccinated women had a higher prevalence of high-risk nonvaccine types, suggesting that they may benefit from newer vaccines covering additional types.

Disparities in HPV vaccination rates and HPV prevalence in the United States: a review of the literature

“…When comparisons of HPV vaccinated young women were made, it was found that vaccination was significantly associated with reductions in prevalence of vaccine-type HPV, although many would have potentially been exposed before receiving the vaccine. 47 In addition to demonstrating the population-level effectiveness of the vaccine among women who received it at older ages, it became clear that vaccination against other high-risk types was desirable. Estimates of the prevalence of 9vHPV types among females 14-59 years of age in the prevaccine era were found to be 16%, with disparities observed by race/ethnicity.…”

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Sexual Disinhibition in Females

“…Of the 21 studies, 14 were cross-sectional, 24À37 three were retrospective cohort, 38À40 two were prospective cohort studies, 41,42 and two were experimental studies. 43,44 Nine studies were conducted in the U.S., 26,28,31,33,36,38,39,42,45 three in the United Kingdom, 34,37,41 two in Sweden, 25,30 and one each in Australia, 29 Canada, 44 Colombia, 32 Denmark, 25 France, 27 Italy, 35 Norway, 25 Peru, 6 and Uganda. 24…”

How Silencing of Dissent in Science Impacts Woman. The Gardasil® Story

“…Given its Vioxx history Merck's promotion of Gardasil ® as being 98% effective should awaken the senses of even the most ardent vaccine supporter. If one were to examine the clinical trial data they would instantly realize that the vaccine is far less effective than we are led to believe, even raising concerns with some researchers that it may lead to more severe infections and even an increased incidence of cervical cancer [99].…”