Comparison of high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods in a meal or snack on short-term fat and energy intakes in obese women

Abstract

The present study aimed to compare the action of high-fat and high-carbohydrate (CHO) foods on meal size (satiation) and post-meal satiety in obese women. A within-subjects design was used; each participant received all four nutritional challenges. Fifteen healthy obese women (age 21–56 years, BMI 35–48 kg/m2) participated; thirteen completed all four test days. On two test days, participants were exposed to a nutritional challenge comprising an ad libitum high-fat or high-CHO lunch. On the other two test days they were exposed to a challenge comprising an ad libitum sweet high-fat or high-CHO mid-afternoon snack. Energy and macronutrient intakes were measured at each eating episode. Visual analogue rating scales were completed periodically to record subjective feelings of appetite. When offered a high-CHO selection of foods at lunch and mid-afternoon participants consumed less energy than when offered a high-fat selection. However, post-meal satiety was similar. Total test-day energy intake was significantly higher when high-fat foods were consumed at lunch, but not as a snack. Consumption of high-fat foods at a lunch and snack increased the amount of fat consumed over the whole test day. In conclusion, energy intake of an eating episode was influenced by nutrient composition in this group of obese women. Consumption of high-fat foods at lunch or as a snack led to overconsumption relative to high-CHO foods. However, high-fat foods at meals may have greater potential to influence daily intake than at snacks, probably because meals are larger eating episodes and therefore give greater opportunity to overconsume.

Effect of ghrelin receptor antagonist on meal patterns in cholecystokinin type 1 receptor null mice

“…In rodents, this has been shown to be associated with an increase in expression of orexigenic receptors at the level of the nodose ganglion (32) and decreased sensitivity to central anorectic peptide signaling (33). Ingestion of HF diets is characterized by prolonged and larger meals in both rodents and humans (34–35), also seen in the present study. We demonstrate for the first time that in the absence of the CCK 1 R, ghrelin plays a role in determining time to meal initiation as well as size of the first meal.…”

Appetite control: methodological aspects of the evaluation of foods

“…A number of extensions and adaptations to the preload–test meal paradigm have been made, and although these are still hostage to some of the constraints of the basic preload design, they do have enhanced external validity in so far as they simulate real‐life feeding situations over longer periods of time. Some studies have manipulated the composition of both the test meals and preload challenges such that the test meal is an outcome variable in relation to the preload and the effects of both together on subsequent food intake can be evaluated (38,39).…”

Starches, Sugars and Obesity

“…Scientific evidence shows that high-fat diets have a high energy density and low satiety value, which facilitate passive overconsumption [9]. On the other hand, high-protein diets could be an alternative, since proteins have a high satiety effect that may favour energy intake control [10].…”