“…In Drosophila melanogaster , the HR is age dependent and at the prepupal stage it reaches ~170 beats min −1 (Choma, Suter, Vakoc, Bouma, & Tearney, ). Note that at this stage, flies are “white‐translucent” that enables a convenient observation of heartbeat similar to other invertebrates (Beasley & Dowse, ; V. L. Zhuravlev et al, ). In some studies, they are placed in either physiological solutions or in a “drop of water which increased the intensity of the illumination and served to help keep the pupa” (Beasley & Dowse, ) at experimentally controlled temperatures up to 37°C.…”