Comparison of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor and Somatotropin: Thyroid Status of Lactating, Primiparous Cows

Kahl, Stanislaw; Capuco, Anthony; Binelli, Mário; Vanderkooi, W.K.; Tucker, H.A.; Moseley, W.M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76842-4

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The fact that only T3, and not T4, significantly increased could be a consequence of a different liver monodeiodination activity; nevertheless, our result is the opposite of that obtained by Kahl et al (1995). It can be suggested that the rise of T3 concentration could be linked to the marked rise in glucose concentration observed in late lactation only (Bertoni et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Basal levels and diurnal variations of some hormones and metabolites in blood of dairy cows treated daily with rbst in early and late lactation

Bertoni

Lombardelli

Piccioli-Cappelli

et al. 2002

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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The variations of basal value (before morning feeding at 3-4 days interval) and daily pattern (on 4 th and 18 th day of treatment with 8 blood collections within 24h) of hormones and metabolites were studied in four dairy cows; 2 in early and 2 in late lactation, which were alternatively injected daily for a period of 21 days with 26.3 mg rbST or saline. The rbST injection significantly increased the basal and daily levels of GH, IGF-I in both stages of lactation. Daily levels of NEFA were significantly increased by rbST in both stages of lactation and their variations, due to the effect of meals, were counteracted by the rbST; the higher level of NEFA allowed a greater sparing of glucose, the blood level of which resulted higher (P<0.05) in late lactation (mainly for less lactose yield), as well as a sparing of amino acid that resulted in a lower blood urea level (P<0.05, only in late lactation). Moreover, these metabolic changes in late lactating cows, and in particular the high availability of glucose, determined a significantly higher blood level of insulin and T3, and lower level of glucagon. Despite the similar GH, IGF-I and NEFA increases observed in the cows treated in early and late lactation, other metabolic and endocrine consequences resulted more evident in late lactation. Furthermore, some of these variations were affected by the forage meals. It can be concluded, therefore, that the changes occurring in the blood subsequent to a rbST treatment are not equal to those which occur at the start of lactation; moreover, they are affected by the daily feeding pattern and perhaps by the stage of lactation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Basal levels and diurnal variations of some hormones and metabolites in blood of dairy cows treated daily with rbst in early and late lactation

Bertoni

Lombardelli

Piccioli-Cappelli

et al. 2002

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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“…us, thyroid hormone status may influence feed intake, which subsequently affects IGF-I levels, and may modify IGF-I concentrations through effects on GH secretion or receptor levels. Administration of GH to lactating cows increased the activity of mammary 5'D twofold (Capuco et al, 1989), thus enhancing the metabolic priority of the udder (Kahl et al, 1995). Significant independent associations of serum T 4 with T 3 and IGF-I levels during the puerperium were found in two experiments involving 60 healthy cows .…”

Section: Basic Physiology Nutritional Factors Influencing Thyroid Fumentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In cattle the plasma levels of thyroid hormones may be altered also by other nutrition-and metabolism-related factors, such as selenium and/ or iodine deficiency/supplementation (Wichtel et al, 1996;Awadeh et al, 1998), growth hormone releasing factor and somatotropin administration (Kahl et al, 1995), providing fat-or starchenriched diet (Bunting et al, 1996;Romo et al, 1997;Blum et al, 2000), and feed contaminants, for instance goitrogen chemicals (Gennano-Soffietti et al, 1988;Bernal et al, 1999;rift et al, 1999a, b) and certain ergot like alkaloids produced by endophyte fungi (Neotyphodium coenophialum) of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea; known as a really existing form on feed contamination only in North America) (Hurley et al, 1981;Browning et al, 1998Browning et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Basic Physiology Nutritional Factors Influencing Thyroid Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Huszenicza¹,

Kulcsár²,

Rudas³

2002

Vet. Med.

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After briefly introducing the basec steps in production and metabolism of thyroid hormones, the author gives an overview of nutritional, metabolic and disease related factors and endocrine interactions influencing thyroid gland function in ruminants, particularly in the postpartum dairy cow. Involvement of thyroid hormonal regulation of seasonal patterns of reproduction as well as ovarian endocrine function are discussed.Keywords: thyroxin; triiodothyronine; ovary; metabolism; ruminants Abbreviations: 5'D = 5'-deiodinase (syn.: outer-ring deiodinase); 5D = 5-deiodinase (syn.: inner-ring deiodinase); BHB = βOH-butyrate; E 2 = 17β-estradiol; FSH = follicle stimulating hormone; GH = growth hormone; GnRH = gonadotropin releasing hormone; hCG = human chorionic gonadotropin; IGF-I = insulin-like growth factor-I (syn.: somatomedin C); IL = interleukin; LH = luteinizing hormone; mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid; NEB = negative energy balance; NEFA = non-esterified fatty acids; P 4 = progesterone; PVN = paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; rT 3 = 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (syn.: reverse-triiodothyronine); T 3 = 3,3',5-triiodothyronine; T 4 = thyroxine; TNFα = tumor necrosis factor-α; TRH = thyrotropin-releasing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone (syn.: thyrotropin)

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“…Thus, thyroid hormone status may influence feed intake, which subsequently affects IGF‐I levels, and may modify IGF‐I concentrations through effects on GH secretion or receptor levels. On the other hand, administration of GH to lactating cows increased the activity of mammary 5′D twofold (Capuco et al, 1989), thus enhancing the metabolic priority of the udder (Kahl et al, 1995). Significant independent associations of serum T4 with T3 and IGF‐I levels during the puerperium were found in two experiments involving 60 healthy cows (Nikolić et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periparturient Endocrine and Metabolic Changes in Healthy Cows and in Cows Affected by Mastitis

Nikolić

Kulcsár

Kátai

et al. 2003

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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Transition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cows involves considerable metabolic adaptation. Additional stress is incurred during infections such as periparturient mastitis. Multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows kept under normal production conditions (n = 15) were used to evaluate changes in circulating metabolite and hormone concentrations from 5 days before to 5 days after calving. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) profiles were also monitored. Marked time-related changes were observed for plasma thyroid hormone, IGF, cortisol, insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations but not for plasma leptin. A decrease in IGF-II concentration and maximal intensity of the putative IGFBP-1 band occurred at parturition. When compared with the five healthy cows,low IGF-II levels were prolonged to day 2 post-partum in five cows with Escherichia coli-associated mastitis. However, marked decreases in IGFBP-2 band intensity were evident only in two of the four cases examined. Individual total ligand (IGF-I + IGF-II) concentration and IGFBP pattern prepartum were largely regained 5 days post-partum in all cows. Hormone and metabolite concentrations in the two cows with Staphylococcus aureus-associated mastitis were very similar to those in the five healthy cows. Plasma thyroxine (T4) was lower 2 days prepartum in the cows, which later developed Gram-negative mastitis. Multiregression analysis showed that variance in T4 concentration was significantly and independently associated with triiodothyronine (T3) and IGF-I positively and with cortisol negatively (R2 = 0.648). This study confirms the close inter-relationship between the thyroid hormone and IGF axes in cattle and indicates possible effects of Gram-negative mastitis infection on IGF-II metabolism.

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Comparison of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor and Somatotropin: Thyroid Status of Lactating, Primiparous Cows

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Basal levels and diurnal variations of some hormones and metabolites in blood of dairy cows treated daily with rbst in early and late lactation

Basal levels and diurnal variations of some hormones and metabolites in blood of dairy cows treated daily with rbst in early and late lactation

Clinical endocrinology of thyroid gland function in ruminants

Periparturient Endocrine and Metabolic Changes in Healthy Cows and in Cows Affected by Mastitis

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