Comparison of forces developed by the leg of the rock lobster when walking free or on a treadmill

Clarac, François; Cruse, Holk

doi:10.1007/bf00336973

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As we have shown in earlier papers (Clarac and Cruse, 1982), animals in this situation show normal although somewhat stereotyped walking behaviour. This setup has the experimental advantages that the walking speed can be controlled by the experimentor and that analysis of the movement of a leg is much easier when the body of the animal is fixed (Clarac and Chasserat, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…For this purpose a force transducer (strain gauge) was fixed on a plastic tube which was pushed over the dactylo-and propodite. Then the animal walked on the force transducer instead of the dactylo-podite (for details see Clarac and Cruse, 1982). The force component measured by this transducer (force transducer I in Clarac and Cruse, 1982) mainly corresponds to the force developed in the T-C joint.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then the animal walked on the force transducer instead of the dactylo-podite (for details see Clarac and Cruse, 1982). The force component measured by this transducer (force transducer I in Clarac and Cruse, 1982) mainly corresponds to the force developed in the T-C joint. Forces pushing the body forward are labeled positive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster

1983

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Abstract. 1. Experiments with rock lobsters walking on a treadmill were undertaken to obtain information upon the system controlling the movement of the legs. Results show that the position of the leg is an important parameter affecting the cyclic movement of the walking leg. Stepping can be interrupted when the geometrical conditions for terminating either a return stroke or a power stroke are not fullfilled. 2. The mean value of anterior and posterior extreme positions (AEP and PEP respectively) of the walking legs do not depend on the walking speed (Fig. 1). 3. When one leg is isolated from the other walking legs by placing it on a platform the AEPs and PEPs of the other legs show a broader distribution compared to controls (Figs. 2 and 3). 4. Force measurements (Fig. 4) are in agreement with the hypothesis that the movement of the leg is controlled by a position servomechanism. 5. When one leg stands on a stationary force transducer this leg develops forces which oscillate with the step rhythm of the other legs (Fig. 5). 6. A posteriorly directed influence is found, by which the return stroke of a leg can be started when the anterior leg performs a backward directed movement. 7. Results are compared with those obtained from stick insects. The systems controlling the movement of the individual leg are similar in both, lobster and stick insect but the influences between the legs seem to be considerably different.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster

1983

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“…6 and indicate a good fit between modelled results and other reported values. The fit between the crayfish of Kla¨rner and Barnes (1986) and the lobster of Clarac and Cruse (1982) is particularly encouraging for lending support to the modelled results.…”

Section: Torque Generation Modelling In M-c Joint Of Lobsters and Crabssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Crayfish (Klarner & Barnes, 1986) Lobster (Clarac & Cruse, 1982) Lobster (Cruse et al, 1983) Max. forces (Alexander, 1985) FIGURE 6 Force on environment as a function of carapace size for leg 4 of the lobster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling torque generation by the mero-carpopodite joint of the american lobster and the snow crab

Mitchell¹,

DeMont²

2004

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

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The torque generated by a rotating joint comprises the useful force exerted by the joint on the external environment, and both the magnitude and distribution of torque through the step cycle during walking are important variables in understanding the mechanics of walking. The mechanics of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) and snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) during walking were modelled to examine the relative roles of flexor versus extensor apodeme-muscle complexes, investigate which legs of these decapods likely contribute the greatest to locomotion, determine scaling effects of torque generation, and assess the relative roles of various model variables on torque production. Force generated along the length of the apodeme by the muscle was modelled based on apodeme surface area, muscle stress, and muscle fibre pinnation angle. Torque was then calculated from this estimated force and the corresponding moment arm. The flexor apodeme-muscle complex is calculated to generate consistently greater forces than the extensor, and generally this results in flexor torque being larger than extensor, though the snow crab does illustrate the opposite in two of its legs. This greater torque generation in flexion suggests that, in addition to the pushing of the trailing legs, the pulling action of the leading legs may play a significant role, at least during lateral walking. Leg 4 of both species appears to generate greater torques and thus provide the greatest forces for locomotion. Torque generation as a function of body size shows a second order response due to the increase in apodeme surface area. The pinnation angle of the muscle fibre is found to be insignificant in force generation, apodeme surface area (representing muscle cross sectional area) likely plays the most influential role in total force production, and moment arm controls the distribution of this force through the step cycle. Muscle stress remain a largely unknown quantity however, and may significantly affect both magnitude and distribution through step cycle of forces, and thus torque. Despite the uncertainty associated with the muscle stress parameter, the modelled results fit well with previously published force measurements.

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Invertebrate Locomotor Systems

Full

1997

Comprehensive Physiology

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Comparison of forces developed by the leg of the rock lobster when walking free or on a treadmill

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster

The control of walking movements in the leg of the rock lobster

Modelling torque generation by the mero-carpopodite joint of the american lobster and the snow crab

Invertebrate Locomotor Systems

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