Comparison of fire spalling behaviours between ring-restraint and pre-stressed concrete specimens during fire

Impact of external biaxial compressive loading on the fire spalling behavior of normal-strength concrete

“…The maximum spalling depths were registered for the slab loaded during heating (e.g., spalling depth was more than twice for the loaded slab than the unloaded slab) and the restrained large rings [35]. Ozawa et al [36] reported that pre-stressed concrete slabs experienced significantly higher spalling than ring-restrained concrete specimens and prestressed concrete beams. Despite the investigations mentioned above [27-31, 35, 36], however, the role of loading on concrete fire spalling behavior it has not totally clarified, demonstrating the need for a systematic study.…”