Comparison of Findings on Cranial Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Infants

Maalouf, Elia F.; Duggan, Philip; Counsell, Serena; Rutherford, Mary; Cowan, Frances; Azzopardi, Denis; Edwards, AD

doi:10.1542/peds.107.4.719

Cited by 338 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nevertheless, previous authors, using 7.5-MHz transducers, also reported that most lesions of the basal ganglia and thalamus seen on neurosonography did not have CT or MRI correlates. 16,29 Third, there was not sufficient follow-up data in patients and controls to permit a valid analysis. Our study suggests that diffuse BGTH is not associated with anomalies of local cerebral blood flow pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse basal ganglia or thalamus hyperechogenicity in preterm infants

et al. 2006

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Objective: To determine the incidence and factors associated with diffuse basal ganglia or thalamus hyperechogenicity (BGTH) in preterm infants.Study Design: (1) Review of serial neurosonograms among neonates with gestational age (GA) <34 weeks born at Weiler Hospital during a 21-month period; (2) Color Doppler flow imaging; (3) Case-control study using GA group-matched controls; and (4) Blind reading of CT scans or MRIs in patients with BGTH.Results: Among 289 infants, 24 (8.3%) had diffuse BGTH. Color Doppler flow imaging was normal in nine patients. The incidence of diffuse BGTH was inversely related to GA (P<0.01). Logistic regression (n ¼ 96) showed that diffuse BGTH was significantly associated with requirement of high-frequency oscillation (HFO) (P ¼ 0.031), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (P ¼ 0.004), hypotension requiring vasopressors (P ¼ 0.040), hypoglycemia (P ¼ 0.031) and male gender (P ¼ 0.014). Most patients with diffuse BGTH had normal basal ganglia and thalamus on CT/MRI, one had a hemorrhage, and one had an ischemic infarction.Conclusions: In our series, diffuse BGTH occurred in 8.3%, and was associated with factors similar to those previously reported. In contrast, several series have reported almost exclusively linear or punctuate hyperechoic foci, corresponding to hyperechogenicity of the lenticulostriate vessels. Our data provide further evidence to suggest that diffuse BGTH and hyperechogenicity of the lenticulostriate vessels are two different entities. Additional studies are required to determine the longterm significance of diffuse BGTH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse basal ganglia or thalamus hyperechogenicity in preterm infants

et al. 2006

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“…More commonly, diffuse WM abnormalities are present in early preterm infants, with up to 79% of infants showing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in WM (2). Through a number of MRI studies it has been shown that classical PVL does not represent the only features of preterm brain injury (3).…”

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confidence: 99%

High-field diffusion tensor imaging characterization of cerebral white matter injury in lipopolysaccharide-exposed fetal sheep

et al. 2012

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Background:In gyrencephalic species such as sheep, precise anatomical and microstructural characterization of the consequences of fetal inflammation remains scarce. The goal of this study was to characterize changes in white matter (WM) structure using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the pretermequivalent fetal sheep. Methods: Preterm (0.7 gestation) fetal sheep received vehicle (Sham group) or LPS (LPS group), and fetal brains were collected 10 d later for subsequent ex vivo MRI. T 1 -weighted (T 1 W), T 2 -weighted (T 2 W), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected. results: Fetuses exposed to LPS exhibited reductions in WM volume and corpus callosum thickness at 10 d recovery. characteristic patterns of diffuse and focal WM lesions (necrosis or cysts) could be identified by various T 1 , T 2 , and DTI signal changes. conclusion: Fetal LPS exposure induces a pattern of injury characterized by diffuse and focal WM injury that closely reproduces that observed clinically in preterm infants. This work provides anatomical and microstructural MRI assessment, as well as histopathological correlates, of the consequences of LPS exposure in an animal model with a WM structure similar to that of the human brain. This work will help to further our understanding of MRI changes in preterm infants.

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“…More recent neuroimaging technology has demonstrated that in addition to periventricular/intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia, there is a more diffuse non-cystic white matter involvement, sometimes associated with ventriculomegaly, that is present in 20 to 50% of very low birth weight infants, and is also associated with neurodevelopmental compromise. 446,[448][449][450][451] A magnetic resonance imaging study of a small group of premature infant between 28 to 33 weeks gestation, without ultrasonographic evidence of neurologic injury, found they still had a loss of white matter volume, but with a relative increase in grey matter volume. 452 In addition to the vulnerability of cerebral white matter in premature infants, there appears to be evidence that cerebral neuronal structures are also affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

et al. 2007

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Objective: To review the existing evidence used to identify potentially better care practices that support newborn brain development.Study Design: Literature review.Result: Sixteen potentially better practices are identified and grouped into two operational clinical bundles based upon timing for recommended implementation. Conclusion:Existing evidence supports the implementation of selected care practices that potentially may support newborn brain development.

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Comparison of Findings on Cranial Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Infants

Cited by 338 publications

References 31 publications

Diffuse basal ganglia or thalamus hyperechogenicity in preterm infants

Diffuse basal ganglia or thalamus hyperechogenicity in preterm infants

High-field diffusion tensor imaging characterization of cerebral white matter injury in lipopolysaccharide-exposed fetal sheep

The development of potentially better practices to support the neurodevelopment of infants in the NICU

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