Comparison of fatty acids of marine fungi using multivariate statistical analysis

Cooney, J. J.; Doolittle, Mark M.; Grahl‐Nielsen, Otto; Haaland, Inger M.; Kirk, Paul W.

doi:10.1007/bf01569668

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We used the sum of iso‐ and anteiso‐branched fatty acids (BrFA) as biomarkers for Actinobacteria and the sum of 16:1ω7, 16:1ω5, 18:1ω7, 18:1ω5, 3‐OH‐16:0, 3‐OH‐18:0 and Cy‐19:0 for Gram‐negative bacteria (Taipale, Jones, & Tiirola, ). Additionally, we used linoleic (LIN, 18:2ω6) and oleic acid (18:1ω9) as biomarkers for fungi (Cooney, Doolittle, Grahl‐Nielsen, Haaland, & Kirk, ; Frostegård & Bååth, ). Although LIN and oleic acid are present in other organisms besides fungi, we assumed that any concurrent increase in these fatty acids would indicate microbial colonisation of tPOM, because e.g.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial organic matter quantity or decomposition state does not compensate for its poor nutritional quality for Daphnia

et al. 2019

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The importance of allochthonous organic matter contributions to aquatic food webs has long been debated. We studied the aging process of terrestrial particulate organic matter (tPOM) in aquatic ecosystems by incubating senescent plant material in the presence of natural microbial communities in either lake water or artificial growth medium. We hypothesised that the aging would change the biomarker composition of tPOM, and would improve its nutritional quality for Daphnia due to microbial conditioning. We also hypothesised that when algal availability is low, Daphnia can partially compensate for the low quality of tPOM when more of this resource is available to them. The fatty acid biomarkers of tPOM changed very little during short‐ and long‐term incubations. In particular, the proportion of long‐chain saturated fatty acids was quite stable even during long‐term incubations. A decrease in carbohydrate and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and an increase in the bacterial and fungal lipid biomarkers indicated that microbial decomposition of tPOM took place during the incubation. The δ15N value of aged tPOM increased, which indicated microbial colonisation, while the δ13C value did not change during aging. Daphnia magna survival and reproductive output were low when fed diets containing fresh or aged tPOM. The reproductive output of Daphnia was slightly enhanced in the presence of aged tPOM as compared to fresh tPOM, but only when tPOM comprised ≥ 95% of the diet. When Daphnia were offered low (0.5 mg C/L) concentrations of algae, even high additions of tPOM (up to 15 mg C/L) did not increase Daphnia growth rates. Daphnia reproduction increased with tPOM additions, presumably due to the sterols and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the tPOM that Daphnia retained from their diet. Our results indicate that tPOM is a poor resource for pelagic cladocerans, even when aged in the presence of microbes or offered in large quantities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial organic matter quantity or decomposition state does not compensate for its poor nutritional quality for Daphnia

et al. 2019

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“…It is the case, however, that 2 morphologically distinct types of bacterial endosymbionts are present in R. piscesae from the Explorer Ridge (deBurgh et al 1989), and it cannot be rigorously excluded that one of these forms produces C18 PUFAs. Microorganisms contributing 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 to vent animals could also be single-cell eukaryotes including fungi and yeasts, marine forms of which are well known to produce these fatty acids (Cooney et al 1993, Brown et al 1996. Such organisms are heterotrophic, and in a hydrothermal vent ecosystem the source of organic carbon, whether from detritus, exudates or prokaryotes, is likely to be of chemolithotrophic origin in the vent rather than of phototrophic origin in the water column.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Pond¹,

Allen²,

Bell³

et al. 2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all marine animals that have previously been studied. Most marine animals obtain long-chain PUFAs from their diets (i.e. as products of photosynthetic processes) and few are known to be able to produce these compounds de novo. Deep-sea vent organisms live in an environment that is relatively isolated from photosynthetic sources of PUFAs, yet some species are known to contain substantial amounts of these compounds. To further understand the origins of PUFAs in deep-sea vent animals, we studied 2 annelid species; a vestimentiferan tubeworm (class Pogonophora) with endosymbiotic bacteria, and a tubicolous serpulid polychaete that feeds heterotrophically. The vestimentiferan tubeworms Ridgeia piscesae from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are rich in the monounsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6, and the non-methyleneinterrupted PUFAs 20:2∆5, 13. They also contain small but significant amounts of the PUFAs 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3. δ 13 C values of ca -14 ‰ for 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 suggest that these fatty acids are synthesised by chemosynthetic processes at the vent site. A δ 13 C value of -22 ‰ for 20:5n-3 in R. piscesae makes it impossible to conclusively attribute the origin of this fatty acid to either the photic zone or hydrothermal vents. The lipids of the serpulid polychaete Protis hydrothermica from the East Pacific Rise are also rich in 16:1n-7 and contain the unusual PUFAs 18:3n-7. They also contain significant amounts of 20:1n-13 and the PUFAs 20:3n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Other than 22:6n-3, which had a δ 13 C of -22 ‰, the fatty acids in P. hydrothermica had δ 13 C values ranging from -33 ‰ to -41 ‰. This is consistent with the fatty acids of P. hydrothermica, other than 22:6n-3 but including 20:5n-3, originating from a chemoautotrophic carbon source in the hydrothermal vent. It cannot be excluded that the 22:6n-3 in P. hydrothermica originates in the photic zone. Potential origins of the long-chain PUFAs in hydrothermal vent animals, whether produced by photo-or chemotrophic processes or by pro-or eukaryotic organisms, are considered. KEY WORDS: Hydrothermal vent worms · Nutrition · PUFAs · Stable carbon isotopeResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Nevertheless, studies on fungi from terrestrial and marine environments have identified certain characteristic FAs. The most common FAs reported from more than 100 fungal species were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1x9, and 18:2x6, but very low (\5%) amounts of C20-PUFAs (Cooney et al, 1993;Stahl & Klug, 1996). Although 18:2x6 can be present in green plants and green algae, it may be considered a fungal marker in studies of autumn-shed leaves and detritus, because leaves have lost most of this FA prior to leaf fall (i.e., leaves are dead).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the nutritional quality of decaying leaf litter in a stream based on fatty acid content

Torres-Ruiz

Wehr

2010

Hydrobiologia

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We examined the nutritional quality of decaying leaf litter in a third-order forested stream, using measurements of fatty acid (FA) composition over time. We measured changes in concentrations of total, polyunsaturated, microalgal, and microbial marker FAs in mixed-species leaf packs in spring and autumn and effects of including/excluding macroinvertebrates. Initial concentrations of total FAs in litter were significantly less in spring (5.2 mg/g) than in autumn (6.9 mg/g; F = 6.3; P = 0.03), but total FA concentrations in litter placed in the stream declined significantly over 120 days in both spring (62%; F = 10.9; P \ 0.001) and autumn (56%; F = 19.4; P = 0.0001). Quantities of most FAs declined at a greater rate than that of bulk leaf matter. The presence or absence of macroinvertebrates (5 mm vs. 250 lm mesh) had no effect on FA concentration or composition of decomposing litter. Omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs were either nearly absent (20:5x3) or depleted preferentially over other FAs (18:3x3). During decomposition the polyunsaturated FA linoleic acid (18:2x6, common in fungi), declined in concentration more rapidly than other FAs in the spring, but in autumn declined at slower rates, perhaps suggesting greater fungal activity in autumn. Quantities of bacterial (e.g., 16:1x7) and fungal (e.g., 18:1x9) FA markers increased over time in autumn (and 16:1x7 also in spring). Our data provide no evidence for increasing nutritional FA quality of litter during decay and microbial colonization, based on total and polyunsaturated FAs, despite measured increases in bacterial and fungal FA over time. Routine measurements of FA composition of litter could provide insights into the nutrition of allochthonous matter and the importance of fungi and bacteria during decomposition.

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Comparison of fatty acids of marine fungi using multivariate statistical analysis

Cited by 25 publications

References 14 publications

Terrestrial organic matter quantity or decomposition state does not compensate for its poor nutritional quality for Daphnia

Terrestrial organic matter quantity or decomposition state does not compensate for its poor nutritional quality for Daphnia

Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Changes in the nutritional quality of decaying leaf litter in a stream based on fatty acid content

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