Comparison of external costs of rail and truck freight transportation

External Costs as Competitiveness Factors for Freight Transport — A State of the Art

“…Based on Forkenbrock (1999), for the external costs assessment of intercity freight trucks, Forkenbrock (2001) compares the average external costs of rail and truck freight transport in the United States. Externalities of four types of trains are analysed.…”

On Transport Service Selection in Intermodal Rail/Road Distribution Networks

“…Hence, costs incurred on a time basis, like salary of truck drivers, have a stronger impact on the cost per kilometer in shortdistance transport. Several studies provide models for capturing these effects within cost functions for road transport operations, e.g., Forkenbrock (2001), Smart and Game (2006), Janic (2007Janic ( , 2008. The model of Janic (2007) per vehicle-km.…”

“…The author also reported the average gross weight of w = 1 560 tons for freight trains in Europe. Corresponding information for Australia and the US is provided by Forkenbrock (2001) and Smart and Game (2006). In order to derive the cost per TU-km for rail transportation, the load capacity of a block train cap FTL must be taken into consideration.…”

Public policy intervention in freight transport costs: effects on printed media logistics in the Netherlands

“…1) and the negative effects per unit of road transport (e.g. tonne kilometre) are relatively high (see Table 1; for comparisons of external costs of various modes of transport, see Annema and van Wee, 2000;Forkenbrock, 2001or Proost et al, 2002.…”