Comparison of etiological agents and resistance patterns of the pathogens causing community acquired and hospital acquired urinary tract infections

Ahmed, Nishat Hussain; Hussain, Tanveer; Biswal, Indu

doi:10.4103/0974-777x.138515

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…The explanatory variables were demographic factors (age and gender), comorbidities measured by the Charlson morbidity index, 18 admission characteristics (urgent vs elective; and admitted from home vs from another facility), infection severity (defined as septic shock or severe sepsis), MDR profile (defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories 23 ), episode number and 30-day mortality. We categorised the source of infection using the following definitions: (1) UTI related to indwelling urinary catheterisation including long-term, short-term or intermittent catheterisation; (2) pyelonephritis, consisting of inflammation of the kidney tissue caused by bacterial infection in patients that have no other urinary tract modification; and (3) other sources, which includes UTI related to anatomical urinary tract modification, UTI related to obstructive uropathy and UTI related to other events that do not fulfil any other category.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of hospitalised patients due to complicated urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study in countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: the COMBACTE-MAGNET, RESCUING study

Vallejo-Torres¹,

Pujol

Shaw

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveComplicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) impose a high burden on healthcare systems and are a frequent cause of hospitalisation. The aims of this paper are to estimate the cost per episode of patients hospitalised due to cUTI and to explore the factors associated with cUTI-related healthcare costs in eight countries with high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR).DesignThis is a multinational observational, retrospective study. The mean cost per episode was computed by multiplying the volume of healthcare use for each patient by the unit cost of each item of care and summing across all components. Costs were measured from the hospital perspective. Patient-level regression analyses were used to identify the factors explaining variation in cUTI-related costs.SettingThe study was conducted in 20 hospitals in eight countries with high prevalence of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Spain and Turkey).ParticipantsData were obtained from 644 episodes of patients hospitalised due to cUTI.ResultsThe mean cost per case was €5700, with considerable variation between countries (largest value €7740 in Turkey; lowest value €4028 in Israel), mainly due to differences in length of hospital stay. Factors associated with higher costs per patient were: type of admission, infection source, infection severity, the Charlson comorbidity index and presence of MDR.ConclusionsThe mean cost per hospitalised case of cUTI was substantial and varied significantly between countries. A better knowledge of the reasons for variations in length of stays could facilitate a better standardised quality of care for patients with cUTI and allow a more efficient allocation of healthcare resources. Urgent admissions, infections due to an indwelling urinary catheterisation, resulting in septic shock or severe sepsis, in patients with comorbidities and presenting MDR were related to a higher cost.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost of hospitalised patients due to complicated urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study in countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: the COMBACTE-MAGNET, RESCUING study

Vallejo-Torres¹,

Pujol

Shaw

et al. 2018

BMJ Open

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“…This is in accordance with a study done by Ahmed N et al (82%). (11) E. coli was the most frequently isolated pathogen (50.8%) followed by K. pneumoniae (26.7%) in our study. Shevade et al (2) has reported E. coli to be the most frequently isolated communityas well as hospital-acquired uropathogen (48.67%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Hanna-Wakim et al (13) in her study reports E. coli to be the most frequently isolated pathogen (79.4%) followed by K. pneumoniae (7.9%). Ahmed NH et al (11) Toval F. et al (14) and Tasbakan MI et al (15) also came to the finding that E. coli is the most frequently isolated uropathogen from community-and hospital-acquired UTI cases. All the 7 Gram-positive isolates were recovered from community-acquired cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Study of Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile From Community-Acquired and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections

Jayaprakash¹,

Bai²

2016

jemds

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BACKGROUNDUrinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a leading health problem affecting millions of people every year. In the hospital setting, it is a very important reason for increased hospital stay, increased morbidity and mortality. Multiple antibiotic resistance among uropathogens has compounded the problem. Community-and hospital-acquired UTIs differ with regard to aetiology, epidemiology, and antibiotic susceptibility profile.

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“…Increased resistance to antibiotics has complicated the management of both of these outpatient infections. The spread of Enterobacteriaceae that carry a chromosomally mediated AmpC β-lactamase, an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), or a carbapenemase is becoming a significant concern in the community [ 8 – 11 ]. Multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and β-hemolytic streptococci with tolerance to penicillin and resistance to macrolides and fluoroquinolones are increasing in Japan and extreme drug-resistant S. pneumoniae have been observed among multidrug-resistant isolates in Canada [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Oral Antimicrobial Agents against Pathogens Associated with Community-Acquired Upper Respiratory Tract and Urinary Tract Infections: A Five Country Surveillance Study

Biedenbach¹,

Badal²,

Huang

et al. 2016

Infect Dis Ther

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IntroductionBacterial infections that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) and upper respiratory tract infections (CA-URTI) are most frequently treated empirically. However, an increase in antimicrobial resistance has become a problem when treating outpatients.MethodsThis study determined the in vitro activities of oral antibiotics among 1501 pathogens from outpatients with CA-UTI and CA-URTI in medical centers during 2012 and 2013 from Argentina, Mexico, Venezuela, Russia, and the Philippines. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using broth microdilution and susceptibility defined by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria.ResultsCeftibuten (MIC50, ≤0.25 mg/L) was more potent in vitro compared to other β-lactams against Enterobacteriaceae from CA-UTI. Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones using CLSI criteria varied: Argentina and Mexico (50%), the Philippines (60%), Venezuela (70%), and Russia (80%). Fosfomycin susceptibility was >90% against Enterobacteriaceae in each country. Susceptibility among Enterobacteriaceae to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 30.6–75.6% and nitrofurantoin susceptibility also varied among the countries and was higher when EUCAST breakpoints were applied (65–>90%) compared to CLSI (52–84%). All Haemophilus influenzae isolates from CA-URTI were susceptible to ceftibuten, cefixime, cefpodoxime, and cefuroxime using CLSI breakpoint criteria. EUCAST criteria produced intermediate and resistant MIC values for these oral cephalosporins. Country-specific susceptibility variation for fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was observed among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes from CA-URTI.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that antimicrobial susceptibility patterns varied in the five countries investigated among pathogens from CA-UTI and CA-URTI.FundingMerck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA.

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Comparison of etiological agents and resistance patterns of the pathogens causing community acquired and hospital acquired urinary tract infections

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Cost of hospitalised patients due to complicated urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study in countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: the COMBACTE-MAGNET, RESCUING study

Cost of hospitalised patients due to complicated urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study in countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: the COMBACTE-MAGNET, RESCUING study

A Study of Bacterial Pathogens and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile From Community-Acquired and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections

In Vitro Activity of Oral Antimicrobial Agents against Pathogens Associated with Community-Acquired Upper Respiratory Tract and Urinary Tract Infections: A Five Country Surveillance Study

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