Comparison of Enterotoxin Production and Phenotypic Characteristics between Emetic and Enterotoxic Bacillus cereus

Kim, Jung-Beom; Kim, Jai-Moung; Kim, So-Yeong; Kim, Jong-Hyun; Park, Yong-Bae; Choi, Na-Jung; Oh, Deog‐Hwan

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1219

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The percentage of isolates carrying nheABC in this study is in good agreement with previous studies (Anderson et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2010a;Lee et al, 2012), which demonstrated that 90-100% of the emetic and nonemetic isolates possessed these genes. Guinebretière et al (2002) also showed that almost all the strains from food poisoning and foodborne ecosystems harbored the nhe genes.…”

Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This is consistent with previous results identifying the cytK gene among emetic isolates as ranging from 12.1% to 27.5% (Ehling-Schulz et al, 2005a;Kim et al, 2010a). Granum et al (1996) reported that bceT was present in two of the seven food-poisoning B. cereus isolates.…”

Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, Ehling-Schulz et al (2005a) reported that none of the B. cereus strains in that study were positive for the hblACD gene or the HBL toxin, consistent with our study. Kim et al (2010a) and Chon et al (2012) reported hblACD-harboring emetic B. cereus strains, not consistent with our study. It appears that emetic strains are not related to the presence of hblACD genes.…”

Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 66%

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Toxin Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Molecular Characterization of Emetic Toxin–ProducingBacillus cereusGroup Isolates from Human Stools

Chang

Choi

et al. 2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Emetic toxin-producing Bacillus cereus group species are an important problem, because the staple food for Korean is grains such as rice. In this study, we determined the prevalence (24 of 129 isolates) of emetic B. cereus in 36,745 stool samples from sporadic food-poisoning cases in Korea between 2007 and 2008. The toxin gene profile, toxin production, and biofilm-forming ability of the emetic B. cereus isolates were investigated. Repetitive element sequence polymorphism polymerase chain reaction fingerprints (rep-PCR) were also used to assess the intraspecific biodiversity of these isolates. Emetic B. cereus was present in 0.07% of the sporadic food-poisoning cases. The 24 emetic isolates identified all carried the nheABC and entFM genes and produced NHE enterotoxin. However, they did not have hemolysin BL toxin or related genes. A relationship between biofilm formation and toxin production was not observed in this study. The rep-PCR fingerprints of the B. cereus isolates were not influenced by the presence of toxin genes, or biofilm-forming ability. The rep-PCR assay discriminated emetic B. cereus isolates from nonemetic isolates, even if this assay did not perfectly discriminate these isolates. Further study on emetic isolates possessing a high degree of diversity may be necessary to evaluate the performance of the subtyping assay to discriminate emetic and nonemetic B. cereus isolates and could provide a more accurate indication of the risk from B. cereus strains.

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Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Enterotoxin Production and Profiling Of Related Genessupporting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxin Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Molecular Characterization of Emetic Toxin–ProducingBacillus cereusGroup Isolates from Human Stools

Chang

Choi

et al. 2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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“…Nevertheless, some emetic strains producing NHE were found to be very cytotoxic for Caco-2 cells, as previously reported (14). Furthermore, the simultaneous presence of the genetic determinants for cereulide and the genes encoding potential enterotoxins was recently demonstrated for a B. cereus strain (19,20), which appeared to be particularly virulent. Could this fact have played a role in the necrosis of the colon, even though the cytK PCR was negative, since that this toxin is the one that has been implicated in necrotic enteritis (21)?…”

Section: Case Reportsupporting

confidence: 69%

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

et al. 2011

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A lethal intoxication case, which occurred in Brussels, Belgium, is described. A 20-year-old man died following the ingestion of pasta contaminated with Bacillus cereus. Emetic strains of B. cereus were isolated, and high levels of cereulide (14.8 g/g) were found in the spaghetti meal. CASE REPORTOn 1 October 2008, a 20-year-old man became sick after eating a meal of leftovers of spaghetti with tomato sauce, which had been prepared 5 days before and left in the kitchen at room temperature. After school, he warmed the spaghetti in the microwave oven. Immediately after eating, he left home for his sports activities, but he returned 30 min later because of headache, abdominal pain, and nausea. At his arrival, he vomited profusely for several hours and at midnight had two episodes of watery diarrhea. He did not receive any medication and drank only water. After midnight, he fell asleep. The next morning at 11:00 AM, his parents were worried because he did not get up. When they went to his room, they found him dead.Legal examination determined the time of death, presumably at 4:00 AM, approximately 10 h after ingestion of the suspected meal. An autopsy could not be performed until 5 days later. Macroscopically, brownish and moderately softened liver and ascites (550 ml of citrine liquid) were found. The heart was macroscopically normal. A total lysis of the pancreas was also found, but it could not be excluded that this finding was due to the autopsy delay.Microscopic findings were as follows: moderate centrolobular liver necrosis without inflammatory signs and discrete biliary stasis, significant vascular congestion of the lungs, probably due to acute cardiac insufficiency, significant necrosis from all layers of colon mucosa and submucosa alternating with betterpreserved zones, and mixed intestinal flora but no evidence of invasive bacterial lesions. Significant lysis of the adrenal glands was also reported. The exact cause of death could not be determined by the autopsy because the interpretation of findings was very difficult due to the autopsy delay.Five fecal swabs and two feces samples were taken postmortem, and samples were tested for the presence of Bacillus cereus by growth on mannitol egg yolk polymyxin (MYP) agar. B. cereus was found in only two of the five fecal swabs, and the strains isolated were named ISP321 and ISP322. No B. cereus was cultured from the feces samples. Pasta and tomato sauce samples, the leftovers of the dinner, were also sent for analysis to the National Reference Laboratory for Food-borne Outbreaks (NRLFBO). For enumeration of B. cereus in food samples, the ISO 7932 method (16) was used. Significant B. cereus counts (9.5 ϫ 10 7 CFU/g) were found in the pasta, while B. cereus was absent in the tomato sauce. The strain isolated from the pasta meal was named ISP303.PCR assays that detect the presence of toxin genes were applied to DNA from the pasta isolate (ISP303) and the two human isolates (ISP321 and ISP322), and the results are presented in Table 1. The presence of genes encoding ...

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“…B. cereus is famous for being implicated in foodborne disease (Griffiths and Schraft, 2017). B. cereus is accountable for 2 kinds of foodborne illness: the emetic and diarrheal syndromes (Kim et al, 2010). Severe attack of nausea and vomiting within 5 h after having the meal containing performed toxin (cereulid) is the characteristic feature of the emetic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of B. Cereus and Some of Its Virulence Genes in Some Dairy Desserts and Children Diarrhea

El‐Zamkan¹,

Mubarak²

2017

AJVS

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Key words: B. cereus, Dairy desserts, Diarrhea and virulence genesB. cereus is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that is found in most of the cases to be responsible for food-borne outbreaks. This study aimed to detect and quantify B. cereus in dairy desserts that locally manufactured and sold in different localities in Qena city, also to take an image about the role that is may be played by these products in causing foodborne illness by detection of B. cereus in diarrheal samples collected from the same regions from which the food samples are obtained. A total of 120 samples of ice-cream, mahallbia, rice and milk and diarrhea (30 samples each) were examined for presence of B. cereus. The results obtained in this study revealed detection of B. cereus in 55.6 and 40% of dairy dessert and diarrhea samples, respectively. B. cereus could be counted in 30, 60 and 76.7% of ice-cream, mahallbia and rice and milk samples with mean values of 3.5× 10 4 ±1.5× 10 4 , 6.3×10 5 ±1.9×10 5 and 1.4×10 7 ±6.6× 10 6 CFU/g, respectively. The possibility of involvement of theses dairy dessert samples in food poisoning cases was reinforced especially after detection the virulence genes of B. cereus isolates. It was found that 80, 44 and 24% of B. cereus isolates recovered from food samples harbored nhe, hbl and cytK genes, receptively including 55.6, 33.3 and 0% for ice-cream isolates; 83.3, 50 and 44.4% for mahallbia isolates and 86.9, 43.5 and 17.4% for rice and milk isolates. While for diarrhea samples, 75% of B. cereus isolates obtained from diarrhea samples carried nhe and cytK, respectively and 50% were found to be positive for hbl gene. Neither of the isolates that obtained from dairy dessert nor those obtained from diarrhea samples was positive for presence of ces gene.

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Comparison of Enterotoxin Production and Phenotypic Characteristics between Emetic and Enterotoxic Bacillus cereus

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Toxin Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Molecular Characterization of Emetic Toxin–ProducingBacillus cereusGroup Isolates from Human Stools

Toxin Profile, Biofilm Formation, and Molecular Characterization of Emetic Toxin–ProducingBacillus cereusGroup Isolates from Human Stools

Sudden Death of a Young Adult Associated with Bacillus cereus Food Poisoning

Detection of B. Cereus and Some of Its Virulence Genes in Some Dairy Desserts and Children Diarrhea

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