Comparison of drying costs in biofuel drying between multi- stage and single-stage drying

Determining the effect of storage conditions on the natural drying of radiata pine logs for energy use

“…However, conventional active drying may incur significant energy and financial cost (Ragavhan et al 2005), and may lead to the release of harmful volatile compounds (Rupar and Sanati 2003). Hence the recurring interest for more effective techniques, such as multi-stage drying (Holmberg and Ahtila 2004), solar convection (Reuss et al 1997) and mechanical drying (Yoshida et al 2010). All try to make a less intense use of external inputs, to save on energy and cost.…”

Low Temperature Drying With Air Dehumidified by Zeolite for Food Products: Energy Efficiency Aspect Analysis

“…The values also match with the zeolite specification. However, the values of drying rate and evaporation capacity by zeolite are above the values given in the literature and which range from 0.0005 to 0.0025 depending on type of dryer and product (see Arabhosseini, et al 2005;Mustafa et al, 2009, Holmberg and Ahtila, 2004, Baker et al, 2006and Temple, 2000. Figure 3 gives the measurements for the air at inlet (*) and outlet (o) of the adsorber.…”

A modelling approach for the assessment of an air-dryer economic feasibility for small-scale biomass steam boilers

“…Holmberg and P. Ahtila in [22,23] have compared the exergy efficiencies and the drying costs (capital and operational) of two types of drying systems: single-stage drying with partial recycle of spent air, and multi-stage drying. According to the results, the irreversibility production depends to a considerable extent on the heat source and the drying system.…”

“…Adapted from [15]. The model considers an average of the results of computing the dryer investment cost C INV,dryer [€] with two industrial dryer system cost functions with the related hypotheses, adapted from [15,21,23]:…”