Determining the effect of storage conditions on the natural drying of radiata pine logs for energy use

Visser, Rien; Berkett, Hamish; Spinelli, Raffaele

doi:10.1186/1179-5395-44-3

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This was also observed by Visser et al (2014), for P. radiata logs, arguing that smaller diameter logs and split logs exhibit a larger surface area to mass ratio and a smaller distance water must move from the inner log to the surface in order to evaporate. Since wood-free water flows primarily along the stem evaporating form the log ends (Walker 2006), there must be a secondary movement across the stem if small diameter logs, large split logs and debarked logs dry faster than large whole logs (Abbot et al 1997, Visser et al 2014. Daily MC loss (ΔM) scaled positively following a power function with the MC at the beginning of the day (M), average air temperature (T) and the number of logs per square metre in the cross-section (N), and scaled negatively with air relative humidity (H).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Similarly, debarking would reduce drying times from 22 to 17 days in E. globulus and from 29 to 20 days in E. nitens to achieve a 20 % reduction in moisture content for piles freshly harvested/ stacked in January. Visser et al (2014) also found faster drying of debarked logs of P. radiata, suggesting that radial water movements are a significant contributor to the log drying process. Log lengths did not have a significant effect on moisture content loss in our study, although 244-cm logs dried on average 3 % faster than 350-cm logs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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An air-drying model for piled logs of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens in Chile

Bown

Lasserre²

2015

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

An air-drying model for piled logs of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens in Chile

Bown

Lasserre²

2015

N.Z. j. of For. Sci.

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“…In fact, both slope gradient and terrain ruggedness are somewhat moderate, which is the condition for effective pre-bunching. On steeper slopes, one may resort to winch-assist technology for pre-bunching, as it has already been done in other cases [35]. While terrain conditions would be suitable for the introduction of a complete winch-assist ground-based harvesting system, the need for minimizing soil impacts suggests sticking with the current grapple yarder system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Productivity Model for Grapple Yarding in Fast-Growing Tree Plantations

Engelbrecht¹,

McEwan

Spinelli

2017

Forests

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New techniques have recently appeared that can extend the advantages of grapple yarding to fast-growing plantations. The most promising technique consists of an excavator-base un-guyed yarder equipped with new radio-controlled grapple carriages, fed by another excavator stationed on the cut-over. This system is very productive, avoids in-stand traffic, and removes operators from positions of high risk. This paper presents the results of a long-term study conducted on 12 different teams equipped with the new technology, operating in the fast-growing black wattle (Acacia mangium Willd) plantations of Sarawak, Malaysia. Data were collected continuously for almost 8 months and represented 555 shifts, or over 55,000 cycles-each recorded individually. Production, utilization, and machine availability were estimated, respectively at: 63 m 3 per productive machine hour (excluding all delays), 63% and 93%. Regression analysis of experimental data yielded a strong productivity forecast model that was highly significant, accounted for 50% of the total variability in the dataset and was validated with a non-significant error estimated at less than 1%. The figures reported in this study are especially robust, because they were obtained from a long-term study that covered multiple teams and accumulated an exceptionally large number of observations.

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“…For decades, timber harvesting on steep slopes has been achieved by manual felling with a chainsaw followed by extraction using specialized methods such as bladed skid trails, winching, or cable yarding [1,2]. Chainsaw felling and choker-cable setting tend to be more physically taxing and dangerous for workers [3], while the use of bladed skid trails, winching, and cable yarding can be impactful to the environment and/or have reduced efficiencies when compared with ground-based mechanized operations on less challenging terrain [1,2,4]. However, when mechanized operations demonstrated by Axelsson and Bell; when manual operations were replaced with mechanized operations, injury rates were reduced substantially [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Disturbance Effects from Tethered Forwarding on Steep Slopes in Brazilian Eucalyptus Plantations

Garren

Bolding

Aust

et al. 2019

Forests

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Traditional timber harvests on steep slopes have been conducted through labor-intensive and sometimes environmentally impactful methods, such as manual felling with chainsaws and extraction using bladed skid trails, winching, or cable yarding. Ground-based mechanized harvesting and primary transportation methods such as cut-to-length harvesters and forwarders have emerged in some parts of the world as low-impact, safe, and efficient alternatives to the aforementioned systems. However, when mechanized operations are used on steep terrain, problems such as poor stability, loss of traction, and increased soil disturbance can occur. Tethered or winch-assisted logging practices are being tested and applied in several countries to adapt to challenges associated with operating equipment on steep slopes while minimizing environmental impact. To better understand the feasibility of these systems, we conducted a designed experiment to quantify changes in soil properties and predicted erosion resulting from varying numbers of passes and payload levels by a forwarder operating on slopes ranging from 27 to 38 degrees. The machine was equipped with two different track configurations, tethered by either a machine-mounted or self-contained winch, in eucalyptus plantations in Brazil. On low slopes, bulk density significantly increased, but it did not increase on steeper slopes; this demonstrates traction winches’ effectiveness at reducing concentrated ground pressures. Rut depths were minimal and decreased with increasing slope classes due to reduced track slippage. Predicted erosion rates were high, primarily due to the extremely steep, long slopes and lack of adequate cover in some portions of the trail, illustrating the importance of proper erosion management practices on steep slopes.

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Determining the effect of storage conditions on the natural drying of radiata pine logs for energy use

Abstract: Background: The effect of storage duration and technique on the moisture content of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) biomass logs in New Zealand was studied.

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

An air-drying model for piled logs of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens in Chile

An air-drying model for piled logs of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens in Chile

A Robust Productivity Model for Grapple Yarding in Fast-Growing Tree Plantations

Soil Disturbance Effects from Tethered Forwarding on Steep Slopes in Brazilian Eucalyptus Plantations

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