Comparison of dry and living Sphagnum palustre moss samples in determining their biocumulative capability as biomonitoring tools

Abstract

Dry and living Sphagnum palustre moss samples were compared in parallel in order to study their biocumulative capability as biomonitoring tools. The two biomonitoring forms were used and compared to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of both preparation approaches and to choose the most suitable tool. The study was performed in an urban area to identify the main pollution sources. Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis were used in order to identify specific element profiles attributed to various sources impacting both dry and living plant composition. A large number of tracer elements were initially tested by multivariate statistical data treatment but it turned out that a much smaller number of them could be used in modeling. Consequently, future monitoring can be performed using fewer tracers without losing significant information. Environmetric results were compared with absolute concentration levels of the indicated tracer elements and also compared at various locations. The contribution of pollution sources to the total concentration of elements in biomonitors was determined.

Relationship of backward walking to clinical outcome measures used to predict falls in the older population: A factor analysis

“…The PCA suggested, examining the scree plot, and considering Eigen Values greater than one suggested that two factors be extracted. The two factors extracted accounted for 94.5% of the variance, the parallel analysis resulted in the same conclusion [30]. The Kaiser-MeyerOlkin value was 0.62 (above the recommend .5) and Bartlett's test was significant, p<0.001.…”

Accumulation Capacities of Particulate Matter in an Acrocarpous and a Pleurocarpous Moss Exposed at Three Differently Polluted Sites (Industrial, Urban and Rural)

“…Moreover, this exposure system reduced the likelihood of producing hydric stress and improved the efficiency of retention of elements (Al-Radady et al 1993;Fernandez and Carballeira 2000;Couto et al 2004a;. Moreover, Szczepaniak et al (2007) argued that living mosses were a very useful tool in biomonitoring. If dry moss accumulates metal trace elements, chemometric (statistical) data treatment cannot identify in a reliable way the sources of pollutants.…”

Hasse Diagram Technique Can Further Improve the Interpretation of Results in Multielemental Large-Scale Biomonitoring Studies of Atmospheric Metal Pollution

“…Several papers have appeared stimulating methodological issues concerning a standardized implementation of active biomonitoring (Szczepaniak and Biziuk 2003;Szczepaniak et al 2007;Moreira et al 2005;Godinho et al 2008;Aničić et al 2009;Giordano et al 2009 among others). Selection and preparation of proper species, pre-exposure treatment, and vital state of the species, preparation of the transplants or the bags, method and duration of exposure of the samples, post-exposure treatments, analytical techniques and methods, and quality assurance are basic concepts in such an effort for a standardized methodology and for the harmonization of techniques (Ares et al 2012;Giordano et al 2013).…”