Background: Cardiac rupture (CR) is a catastrophic complication of acute myocardial infarction. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) reduces the incidence of CR. This study aimed to investigate the clinical risk factors and characteristics of CR after pPCI. Methods: This was a retrospective, case-control, multicenter study. We enrolled 24 4 4 consecutive patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had undergone pPCI between 2009 and 2015; 33 patients experienced CR (1.35%): 19 were assigned as early CR ( ≤72 h) and 14 as late CR ( > 72 h). The 132 controls were randomly selected from the 2411 STEMI patients without CR, by matching institutions at a 1:4 ratio. Results: : Multivariate logistic regression revealed that female sex, acute hyperglycemia, thrombocytopenia (platelets < 15 × 10 4 /μL), and incomplete revascularization [post-PCI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) < 3] were independent risk factors for CR ( p < 0.05). Older age, female sex, and emergency surgical repair were strongly associated with in-hospital death, which occurred in 66.7% of CR patients ( p < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex revealed that low systolic blood pressure, anterior infarction, acute hyperglycemia, Killip class > 1, and post-PCI TIMI < 3 were significantly associated with early CR, and that Killip class > 1 and thrombocytopenia were strongly associated with late CR.