Comparison of diffraction-enhanced computed tomography and monochromatic synchrotron radiation computed tomography of human trabecular bone

Abstract

Diffraction-enhanced imaging (DEI) is an x-ray-based medical imaging modality that, when used in tomography mode (DECT), can generate a three-dimensional map of both the apparent absorption coefficient and the out-of-plane gradient of the index of refraction of the sample. DECT is known to have contrast gains over monochromatic synchrotron radiation CT (SRCT) for soft tissue structures. The goal of this experiment was to compare contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and resolution in images of human trabecular bone acquired using SRCT with images acquired using DECT. All images were acquired at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Upton, NY, USA) at beamline X15 A at an x-ray energy of 40 keV and the silicon [3 3 3] reflection. SRCT, apparent absorption DECT and refraction DECT slice images of the trabecular bone were created. The apparent absorption DECT images have significantly higher spatial resolution and CNR than the corresponding SRCT images. Thus, DECT will prove to be a useful tool for imaging applications in which high contrast and high spatial resolution are required for both soft tissue features and bone.

Factors influencing real time internal structural visualization and dynamic process monitoring in plants using synchrotron-based phase contrast X-ray imaging

“…The computed tomographic implementation of emerging X-ray transmission imaging modalities, such as SR absorption and PCI present important applications to biology and medicine 55 56 57 58 59 60 23 . Recently, numerous studies have highlighted the use of SR-PCI for 3D visualization of internal structures as a minimally invasive and fast imaging technique 20 .…”

“…Recently, SR-PCI has been shown to be an attractive, fast, and real-time minimally invasive technique for visualization of complex internal structures of plants and animals 20 21 . This technique has been successfully and extensively used in medical imaging 22 23 24 and is still underutilized in agricultural sciences 20 . Developing fast and minimally destructive techniques to visualize, understand, and quantify internal structures of complex plant parts such as roots, stem, flowers, and rhizosphere is still challenging, and requires further work and development.…”

Local release of magnesium from mesoporous TiO 2 coatings stimulates the peri-implant expression of osteogenic markers and improves osteoconductivity in vivo

“…mineralized bone and titanium implant, and low absorbing materials, e.g. woven bone and soft tissues, coexist [33]. DEI has been used to evaluate the quality of osseointegration of implants [34], and it proved to be a valuable technique to assess bone healing around implants, although this method is still at the early stages of development [35].…”

Synchrotron Refraction Enhanced Tomography of an Intact Common Marmoset (<i>Callithrix jacchus</i>)

“…In experiments, DE images are usually created by combining images that are obtained at both the positive and negative sides of the rocking curve with respect to the Bragg peak [34]. Diffraction enhanced CT (DECT) has been widely used for mammography [35][36][37] and imaging joints [38,39], bone [40], and brains [41]. With respect to interferometric methods, X-ray Talbot interferometry (XTI) was developed [42].…”