Comparison of different advanced disinfection systems for wastewater reclamation

Salgot, Miquel; Folch, M.; Huertas, E.; Tapias, J.C.; Avellaneda, D.; Girós, G.; Brissaud, F.; Vergés, C.; Molina, Jessica Maribel Villacís; Pigem, J.

doi:10.2166/ws.2002.0105

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…PAA is considered to be the main active component in the solution (Baldry, 1983;Baldry and French, 1989;Fraser et al, 1985;Kitis, 2004;Lubello et al, 2002). The disinfection efficiency of PAA in wastewater applications has been demonstrated numerous times in the literature (Antonelli et al, 2006;Baldry, 1983;Baldry and French, 1989;Baldry et al, 1991;Baldry et al, 1995;Briancesco et al, 2005;Collivignarelli et al, 2000;Dell'Erba et al, 2004;Gehr et al, 2003;Kitis, 2004;Koivunen and Heinonen-Tanski, 2005a;Koivunen and Heinonen-Tanski, 2005b;Lefevre et al, 1992;Liberti and Notarnicola, 1999;Liberti et al, 1999;Salgot et al, 2002;Veschetti et al, 2003;Zanetti et al, 2007). As a result, PAA is gaining acceptance as a disinfectant, especially in the United Kingdom and Italy (Falsanisi et al, 2006 A recent study by Azzellino et al (2011) showed that PAA disinfection is more dependent on dosage than on contact time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical aspects of peracetic acid based wastewater disinfection

Luukkonen¹,

Teeriniemi²,

Prokkola³

et al. 2014

WSA

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Peracetic acid (PAA) has been studied for wastewater disinfection applications for some 30 years and has been shown to be an effective disinfectant against many indicator microbes, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. One of the key advantages compared to, e.g., chlorine is the lack of harmful disinfection by-products. In this paper a pilot-scale study of PAAbased disinfection is presented. Indicator microbes (E. coli, total coliforms and coliphage viruses) as well as chemical parameters (pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD), and residual PAA and hydrogen peroxide) were studied. The main aim of this investigation was to study how these selected chemical parameters change during PAA treatment. Based on the results, disinfection was efficient at C•t values of 15 to 30 (mg•min)/ℓ which equals to a PAA dose of 1.5 to 2 mg/ℓ and a contact time of 10 to 15 min. In this concentration area changes in pH, COD and BOD were negligible. However, hydrogen peroxide residues may interfere with COD measurements and apparent COD can be higher than the calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). Additionally PAA or hydrogen peroxide residues interfere with the BOD test resulting in BOD values that are too low. Residual PAA and ORP were found to correlate with remaining amounts of bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical aspects of peracetic acid based wastewater disinfection

Luukkonen¹,

Teeriniemi²,

Prokkola³

et al. 2014

WSA

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“…PAA is advantageous over ozone especially when the need to disinfect is irregular. The operation and maintenance costs of ozone system (at a dose of 15 mg/L) has been calculated to be lower than with PAA (at a dose of 10 mg/L) [127].UV has often been concluded to be more effective in terms of disinfection efficiency [124,127].However, the physico-chemical quality of wastewater has a strong effect on UV disinfection efficiency and consequently PAA and UV have been occasionally reported to be also more or less similar in terms of efficiency [125,126]. For example, when disinfecting primary effluent, …”

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confidence: 99%

“…[138]. The combination of tertiary treatment and disinfection can be referred to as the multiple barrier concept, which has been shown to be the most effective approach for disinfection [126,127]. The required doses and contact times for the disinfection of secondary effluents with PAA vary within the range of 0.6-10 mg/L and 10-60 mins, respectively (see Table 2).…”

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Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Luukkonen

Pehkonen

2016

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

257

122

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Peracids have gained interest in the water treatment over the last few decades. Peracetic acid (CH 3 CO 3 H) has already become an accepted alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection whereas performic acid (CHO 3 H) has been studied much less, although it is also already commercially available. Peracids have also been tested for drinking water disinfection, oxidation of aqueous (micro)pollutants, sludge treatment and ballast water treatment, to name just a few examples. The purpose of this review paper is to represent comprehensive up-to-date information about the water treatment applications, aqueous reaction mechanisms, and disinfection byproduct formation of peracids, namely performic, peracetic and perpropionic acids. and PFA have several of the qualities of an ideal disinfectant: toxicity to microorganisms, but not to higher forms of life; effectivity at ambient temperatures; stability and long shelf-life; low corrosivity; deodorizing ability; widespread availability and reasonable cost [12].PAA and PFA are colorless liquids with characteristic pungent odors. Both are thermodynamically unstable and can decompose spontaneously or explode when highly concentrated, heated, under mechanical stress or exposed to catalytic effects of impurities [1,13,14]. The recommended storage temperatures are below 30 and 20°C for PAA and PFA, respectively [6,14]. Longer carbon chain length increases stability, and thus PAA is more stable than PFA [1]. However, the O-O bond dissociation energy of PFA and PAA has been calculated to be similar: 48 kcal/mol [15]. Percarboxylic acids have typically pK a values 3-4 units higher than the parent carboxylic acids [1]. Nonetheless, PFA and PAA are corrosive [16]. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3Exposure to PAA and PFA causes irritation and possibly permanent damage to the skin (cutaneous emphysema), eyes and the respiratory system. In the skin contact, 0.2% is proposed as the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) for short and medium length exposure [17].When inhaled, airborne concentrations less than 0.16-0.17 ppm (0.50-0.52 mg/m 3 ) are considered to cause no irritation [17,18]. However, higher concentrations are harmful and a case study suggested that PAA could cause occupational asthma [19].The largest users of PAA on a global scale (estimated in 2013) are shown in Fig. 1. Similar numbers are not available for PFA, but it is probably used at significantly lower quantities.The largest user, the food industry, applies PAA as a disinfectant in fresh produce washing water, clean-in-place (CIP) processes, on food processing equipment, and in pasteurizers, to name just a few examples [21,22]. PFA is also a suitable disinfectant in low-temperature refrigerated food processing and storage rooms [23]. In healthcare, PAA is used for instance in Recently, methods to determine the residual PAA from wastewater were compared: the spectrophotometric method using DPD and catalase was recommended for 0.1-0.5 mg/L PAA concentrations and the cerimetric/iodometric titration...

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“…According to Salgot et al (2002), different filtration and disinfection processes significantly reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD, and fecal coliforms. They also found that the combination of UV and ozone was more effective for disinfection of wastewater than other treatments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Reclaimed Wastewater and Waste Nutrient Solution for Crop Production in Korea

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Awad³

et al. 2011

Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture

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BACKGROUND: Development of water recycle technologies is important for human health and sustainable agriculture. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the purification methods or the water quality of reclaimed wastewater in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS:In this study, the different wastewaters including reclaimed wastewater and waste nutrient solution (NS) were evaluated. The changes of water quality in reclaimed wastewater and NS were determined using ultraviolet (UV) treatment and sand filtration with charcoal. Our results showed that one of the most critical limitations of reusing wastewater was the presence of harmful pathogens that possibly cause human health risks. CONCLUSION(s):This study suggests that the application of UV treatment or combined with sand filtration on reclaimed wastewater and waste NS effectively removes the total coliform bacteria below the harmful or acceptable level. For future studies, a long-term field monitoring after applying reclaimed wastewater or NS is needed.

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Comparison of different advanced disinfection systems for wastewater reclamation

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Chemical aspects of peracetic acid based wastewater disinfection

Chemical aspects of peracetic acid based wastewater disinfection

Peracids in water treatment: A critical review

Feasibility of Reclaimed Wastewater and Waste Nutrient Solution for Crop Production in Korea

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