Comparison of Demodex folliculorum density in haemodialysis patients with a control group

Düzgün, Özgül; Aytekin, Sema

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.01926.x

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Finally, there are numerous reports of cases of demodicosis in immunosuppressed people and animals. Demodicosis has been reported, for instance, in patients with primary immunodeficiency, human immunodeficiency virus infection, renal transplant, haemodialysis and rheumatoid arthritis . Rosacea‐like eruptions or demodicosis has also been reported after treatment with glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors …”

Section: Immunology Of Canine Demodicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology and pathogenesis of canine demodicosis

Ferrer

Ravera

Silbermayr

2014

Veterinary Dermatology

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Demodex mites colonized the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of mammals millions of years ago and have remained relatively unchanged in this protected ecologic niche since then. The host immune system detects and tolerates their presence. Toll-like receptor-2 of keratinocytes has been demonstrated to recognize mite chitin and to elicit an innate immune response. The subsequent acquired immune response is poorly understood at present, but there is experimental and clinical evidence that this is the main mechanism in the control of mite proliferation. A transgenic mouse model (STAT(-/-) /CD28(-/-) ) has demonstrated that the immune response is complex, probably involving both cellular and humoral mechanisms and requiring the role of co-stimulatory molecules (CD28). It is known that a genetic predisposition for developing canine juvenile generalized demodicosis exists; however, the primary defect leading to the disease remains unknown. Once the mite proliferation is advanced, dogs show a phenotype that is similar to the T-cell exhaustion characterized by low interleukin-2 production and high interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β production by lymphocytes, as described in other viral and parasitic diseases. Acaricidal treatment (macrocyclic lactones) decreases the antigenic load and reverses T-cell exhaustion, leading to a clinical cure. Although in recent years there have been significant advances in the management and understanding of this important and complex canine disease, more research in areas such as the aetiology of the genetic predisposition and the immune control of the mite populations is clearly needed.

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Section: Immunology Of Canine Demodicosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunology and pathogenesis of canine demodicosis

Ferrer

Ravera

Silbermayr

2014

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…[20]. Similarly Duzgun et al [21] also reported higher mean mite density in hemodialysis patients than controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Demodex Densities in Patients under Immunosuppressive Treatments

et al. 2020

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Background and Objectives: Demodex species are common obligatory parasites and normally present in low number in human beings. Immunosuppression was suggested to be associated with increased density of Demodex mites. Systemic glucocorticoids, cyclosporine, methotrexate, and azathioprine are commonly used immunosuppressive agents. We aim to determine the pre- and post-treatment Demodex densities in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy and compare with those of healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Demodex density was investigated at the beginning, first, and third months of the immunosuppressive therapy in 45 patients who received methotrexate, cyclosporine, systemic steroid, or azathioprine treatments and in 45 healthy subjects at the same time as the patients. Five standardized skin surface biopsies were taken from cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin of the patients and control group. The presence of five or more parasites in 1 cm2 area was considered as positive. Results: Demodex test was negative at the beginning of the treatment in all patients. Demodex test was positive in one patient in the first and third months of treatment and in three patients only in the third month of treatment. In the control group, Demodex test was determined as positive in just one healthy individual at the beginning, first and third months of the study. When the patient and control groups were evaluated in terms of Demodex number, there was a statistically significant difference in Demodex density in patients treated with immunosuppressive treatment in the first and third months when compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Immunosuppressive treatment might increase the number of Demodex mites and demodicidosis should be kept in mind in patients on immunosuppressive treatment.

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“…However, it might be speculated that the prevalence of D. canis ‐positive puppies is higher than that reported in adults due to the incomplete function of the immune system at a very young age, allowing proliferation of mites. In adults, with adequate immune system function, control mechanisms might limit the population of mites, as hypothesized in humans 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence ofDemodex canis-positive healthy dogs at trichoscopic examination

Fondati

Lucia

Furiani³

et al. 2010

Veterinary Dermatology

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Demodex canis is thought to be present in small numbers in the skin of most healthy dogs; however, available data on the prevalence of normal dogs harbouring D. canis are scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate, using microscopic examination of plucked hairs, the prevalence of healthy dogs harbouring D. canis. Seventy-eight clinically healthy dogs with no history of dermatological problems and clinically normal skin and hair coat were included in the study. Five areas (perioral skin 2-3mm from both labial commissures, periungual skin of the third digit of both anterior paws and chin) were examined in each dog. Fifty to sixty hairs were plucked from each skin site and microscopically examined. No D. canis mites were observed and only one adult form of Demodex injai was found in the labial commissure of one dog. Based on these results, the estimated prevalence of healthy dogs harbouring D. canis in clinically normal skin should not exceed the threshold of 5.4%, with 95% confidence level. Considering our and previous findings, we propose that, although small numbers of D. canis might inhabit the skin of normal dogs, the probability of finding these mites in normal dogs is low. Consequently, in most cases, the presence of a D. canis mite in the skin should not be considered as indicative of normality.

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Comparison of Demodex folliculorum density in haemodialysis patients with a control group

Abstract: Despite the presence of sebaceous gland atrophy in haemodialysis patients, the higher density of DF in these patients than controls supports the supposition that this mite can increase immunosuppression.

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Immunology and pathogenesis of canine demodicosis

Immunology and pathogenesis of canine demodicosis

Pre-Treatment and Post-Treatment Demodex Densities in Patients under Immunosuppressive Treatments

Prevalence ofDemodex canis-positive healthy dogs at trichoscopic examination

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