Comparison of cotrimoxazole vs. second-generation cephalosporins for prevention of urinary tract infections in children

Antachopoulos, Charalampos; Ioannidou, Maria; Tratselas, Athanasios; Iosifidis, Εlias; Katragkou, Aspasia; Kadiltzoglou, Paschalis; Kollios, Konstantinos; Roilides, Emmanuel

doi:10.1007/s00467-016-3476-4

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our study confirmed that prophylaxis was an independent major risk factor for uncommon and resistant pathogens. The antimicrobial agent given for prophylaxis is known to be a major determinant for resistance, with cephalosporins having the most important role and cotrimoxazole being considered a lower risk . In this study, we did not perform separate analyses for the role of each prophylactic agent, but most of our children were receiving cotrimoxazole.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adult studies have found associations between unusual and resistant uropathogens with prior exposure to antimicrobials . However, data for children have been limited and focused mostly on prophylaxis, underlying genitourinary anomalies, such as vesicoureteral reflux, and specific types of prescribed antibiotics . There have not been extensive studies on the type of uropathogens and their resistance pattern with regard to any course of antibiotic exposure, other than prophylaxis, in children without a known underlying urinary pathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short‐term antibiotic exposure affected the type and resistance of uropathogens similar to long‐term antibiotic prophylaxis in children hospitalised for urinary tract infections

et al. 2019

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term antibiotic exposure affected the type and resistance of uropathogens similar to long‐term antibiotic prophylaxis in children hospitalised for urinary tract infections

et al. 2019

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“…A randomized crossover trial and a large retrospective study failed to prove significant differences between the prophylactic use of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or oral cephalosporins in terms of UTI recurrence [65,66] [Table 8]. ⊕⊕ Low CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; OR: odds ratio; RR: risk ratio.…”

Section: Which Antibiotic Should Be Preferred For Long-term Prophylax...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children: Guideline and Recommendations from the Emilia-Romagna Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections (UTI-Ped-ER) Study Group

Autore,

Bernardi,

Ghidini

et al. 2023

Antibiotics

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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents one of the most common infectious diseases and a major cause of antibiotic prescription in children. To prevent recurrent infections and long-term complications, low-dose continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) has been used. However, the efficacy of CAP is controversial. The aim of this document was to develop updated guidelines on the efficacy and safety of CAP to prevent pediatric UTIs. Methods: A panel of experts on pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric nephrology, pediatric urology, and primary care was asked clinical questions concerning the role of CAP in preventing UTIs in children. Overall, 15 clinical questions were addressed, and the search strategy included accessing electronic databases and a manual search of gray literature published in the last 25 years. After data extraction and narrative synthesis of results, recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology. Results: The use of CAP is not recommended in children with a previous UTI, with recurrent UTIs, with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) of any grade, with isolated hydronephrosis, and with neurogenic bladder. CAP is suggested in children with significant obstructive uropathies until surgical correction. Close surveillance based on early diagnosis of UTI episodes and prompt antibiotic therapy is proposed for conditions in which CAP is not recommended. Conclusions: Our systematic review shows that CAP plays a limited role in preventing recurrences of UTI in children and has no effect on its complications. On the other hand, the emergence of new antimicrobial resistances is a proven risk.

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“…A randomized controlled trial comparing cotrimoxazole and 2nd generation cephalosporins showed that both are equally efficacious in UTI prophylaxis but cephalosporins had increased risk of bacterial resistance. 9 dIsAdvAntAges o f AntIbIotIc ProPhylAxIs…”

Section: Indications F O R Antibiotic Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus and Controversies in Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections

Rahman¹,

Kamath²

2019

Pediatric Infectious Disease

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Antibiotic prophylaxis in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) is controversial. There is some evidence to show that antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the risk of infection in children with vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and recurrent UTI. However, there is also an increased risk of UTI by resistant organisms in children on long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Little is known about the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the risk of scars and long-term sequelae of urinary tract infections.

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Comparison of cotrimoxazole vs. second-generation cephalosporins for prevention of urinary tract infections in children

Abstract: While SXT and 2GC appear to be equally efficacious as UTI prophylaxis in children, the latter exert a broader effect on patients' flora and development of bacterial resistance, suggesting that SXT may be more appropriate for UTI prophylaxis than 2GC.

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Short‐term antibiotic exposure affected the type and resistance of uropathogens similar to long‐term antibiotic prophylaxis in children hospitalised for urinary tract infections

Short‐term antibiotic exposure affected the type and resistance of uropathogens similar to long‐term antibiotic prophylaxis in children hospitalised for urinary tract infections

Antibiotic Prophylaxis for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children: Guideline and Recommendations from the Emilia-Romagna Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections (UTI-Ped-ER) Study Group

Consensus and Controversies in Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infections

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