Comparison of clinical effects of epidural levobupivacaine morphine versus bupivacaine morphine in dogs undergoing elective pelvic limb surgery

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, in terms of the amount of rescue analgesia required, and the clinical usefulness of epidural injection of morphine with bupivacaine or levobupivacaine for elective pelvic limb surgery in dogs during a 24-hour perioperative period.Study design Prospective, blinded, randomized clinical study.Animals A group of 26 dogs weighing 31.7 ± 14.2 (mean ± standard deviation) kg and aged 54 ± 36 months.Methods All dogs were premedicated with methadone intravenously (0.2 mg kg e1 ) and anaesthesia induced with diazepam (0.2 mg kg e1 ) and propofol intravenously to effect. After induction of anaesthesia, dogs randomly received a lumbosacral epidural injection of morphine 0.1 mg kg e1 with either levobupivacaine 0.5% (1 mg kg e1 ;group LevoBM) or bupivacaine 0.5% (1 mg kg e1 ; group BM). Cardiovascular, respiratory and temperature values were recorded during the intraand postoperative period. A visual analogue scale, subjective pain scale, sedation scale and the short form of the Glasgow pain scale were assessed every 6 hours after epidural injection during 24 hours. The ability to stand and walk, neurological deficits and other side effects were assessed at the same time points. The amount of rescue analgesia (sufentanil intraoperatively and methadone postoperatively) was recorded.Results No statistically significant differences were found between groups for any of the recorded data, with the exception of the incidence of spontaneous urination and postoperative rescue analgesia requirement. In group LevoBM four dogs spontaneously urinated at recovery while none of the dogs in group BM did (p ¼ 0.03) and seven dogs of group LevoBM required postoperative rescue analgesia versus none of the dogs in the BM group (p ¼ 0.005).Conclusions and clinical relevance Epidural LevoBM is a suitable alternative to BM in healthy dogs during elective pelvic limb surgery. Epidural BM produced more urinary retention but better pain control compared to the same concentration and dose of LevoBM in dogs.

Evaluation of Intraperitoneal and Incisional Bupivacaine or Levobupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Ovariohysterectomized Dogs

“…The cranial part of both ovaries and cervix uteri were ligatured. Local anaesthetics, 0.5% BP (Marcaine ® ) 6 [4.4 mg/ kg] and 0.5% LP (Chirocaine ® ) 4 [4.4 mg/kg], were prepared using the equal volume of saline following calculation of the individual doses. The preparations were then sprayed over the ovaries, uterine broad ligaments and cervix uteri.…”

“…Inexpensive, easily available and applicable local anaesthetics have been widely used epidurally, intraarticularly, perineurally or intraperitoneally in veterinary and human medicine to prevent or relieve pain [1,6,17,18,28]. Bupivacaine (BP) is a long-acting amino amide local anaesthetic agent [5,20].…”

Preperitoneal ropivacaine infusion versus epidural ropivacaine–morphine for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial

“…Complications of epidural administration include spinal injection, pruritus or urine retention (Otero & Campoy, 2013;Cerasoli et al 2017). Although none of these complications occurred in the present study, a slower recovery was observed in the EpiG with 31.6% of dogs still showing signs of sedation at 2 hours.…”

“…Epidural anaesthesia allows postoperative pain management with the use of different drugs, such as opioids, local anaesthetics or α2--adrenoceptor agonists (DeRossi et al 2016;Steagall et al 2017;Garcia-Pereira, 2018). Although it is a commonly used technique, complications such as hypotension, bradycardia, ventilatory depression or urinary retention have been reported (Jones, 2001;Cerasoli et al 2017). Moreover, epidural anaesthesia produces temporary motor block (Adami et al 2012).…”

Bloqueio do plexo braquial em um tamanduá-mirim (Tamandua tetradactyla) utilizando estimulador de nervos periféricos: relato de caso

“…Em conjunto a isso, observou-se que o animal teve uma recuperação tranquila, com ausência de vocalização e expressão álgica, o que permite presumir que o bloqueio anestésico foi eficiente. Comparando-se a outras espécies como cães, por exemplo, para procedimentos de osteossíntese de membros pélvicos, bloqueios regionais, como peridurais, utilizando associação de duas ou mais classes farmacológicas, muitas vezes se fazem necessários para obtenção de analgesia trans e pós-operatória eficaz, conforme descrito por Cerasoli et al (2017), apesar de os animais sob efeito de anestesia geral inalatória muitas vezes necessitarem de resgate analgésico transcirúrgico com opioides (Arnholz et al, 2017).…”