Comparison of chitin structures isolated from seven Orthoptera species

Chitin extraction and chitosan production from cell wall of two mushroom species (Lactarius vellereus and Phyllophora ribis)

“…These peaks are typical crystal patterns of α-chitin. Similar diffraction peaks were observed for the insect, mushroom and lichen chitins in previous studies [4,22,23,25,26,36].…”

“…While, the surface morphologies of chitins and chitosans from L. vellereus and P. ribis were similar to that of lichen X. parietina, they were different from the surface morphologies of mushroom species F. pinicola, P. eryngii, A. bisporus, L. edodes, G. frondosa and H. marmoreus. The surface morphologies of the chitins and chitosans of these two mushroom species exhibited smooth and firm structure differently from the fibrillar and porous chitins in crustacean and insect [23,31]. The smooth surface morphologies observed in this study indicated that β-1,3-glucan components couldn't effectively remove from the chitin structure by chemical method.…”

“…In literature studies, it was reported that the dry weight chitin contents of crustaceans vary between 13% -42% [18]. Similarly, it was determined that dry weight chitin contents of some insect species varied between 2.59% and 36% [17,[19][20][21][22][23]. While, the chitin contents of L. vellereus and P. ribis are lower than crustaceans, they are higher than that of some insect species.…”

“…The mass loss in the first step proceed from evaporation of water in the chitin structure and the mass loss in the second step results from degradation of carbohydrate [21]. Similarly, mass loss of chitins from crustacean, insect, lichen and some mushroom species also occurred in two steps [21,23,26,33].…”

Chitin and chitosan from Brazilian Atlantic Coast: Isolation, characterization and antibacterial activity

“…Chitin is one of the most abundant amino polysaccharides found Q3 in nature next to cellulose; it has a wide variety of sources as exoskeleton of crustacean (crab, shrimp and crawfish, Oniscus asellus) [1][2][3][4], insect cuticles (Melolontha melolontha) [3], Orthoptera species [5,6], wings of cockroach [7], grasshopper species [8], medicinal fungus [9], larvae and adult Colorado potato beetle [10], aquatic invertebrates [11], bat guano [12], resting eggs of Daphnia longispina [13], spider species [14], Daphnia magna resting eggs [15], and cell wall of fungi and in the green algae. The chemical structure of chitin (C 8 H 13 O 5 N) n is similar to cellulose, having one hydroxyl group on each monomer substituted with an acetyl amine groups.…”