“…It was not coincident that China emerged as a leading nation in science production Zhou & Leydesdorff, 2008). In most fields, the USA had the quantity (number of papers) lead, although the China has made dramatic strides to overtake the USA, except the biomedical field and some aspects of environmental science (Kostoff, 2008 Besides, the 9 th position UK, the 13 th position Netherlands, the 16 th position Switzerland, and the 20 th position Australia had high cooperation rates no less than 50%. It was also reported that international collaboration in both within and outside the European Communities played an increasing role for European scientific literature (Narin et al, 1991;Glänzel, 1999).…”