Comparison of blood volatile organic compound levels in residents of Calcasieu and Lafayette Parishes, LA, with US reference ranges

Uddin, Mohammed S; Blount, Benjamin C.; Lewin, Michael; Potula, Vijayalakshmi; Ragin, Angela D.; Dearwent, Steve M.

doi:10.1038/jes.2013.94

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, xylenes are found in surface and groundwater [15]. The use of xylenes in large amounts tends to contaminate the surrounding environment and imparts dangerous effects on the environment [16] and human health; the toxicity ranges from LD 50 = 1364 to LD 50 = 5000 mg kg −1 [17][18][19][20]. The traditional measurements of these compounds are time-consuming and involve other chemicals, such as high-performance liquid chromatography [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Khan¹,

Wu²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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A thorough analysis of the photophysical properties involved in electronic transitions in excitation–emission spectra of xylene isomers has been carried out using the time-dependent density functional theory (PBEPBE/6-31 + G(d,p)) method. For the first time a structural and spectroscopic investigation to distinguish isomers of xylene, a widespread priority pollutant, was conducted experimentally and theoretically. The fluorescence properties of xylene isomers (sole and mixture (binary and ternary)) in water were studied. The fluorescence peak intensities of xylenes were linearly correlated to concentration, in the order of p-xylene > o-xylene > m-xylene at an excitation/emission wavelength (ex/em) of 260 nm/285 nm for o-, m-xylene and ex/em 265 nm/290 nm for p-xylene at the same concentration. The theoretical excitation/emission wavelengths were at ex/em 247 nm/267 nm, 248 nm/269 nm and 251 nm/307 nm for o-, m- and p-xylene, respectively. The vertical excitation and emission state energies of p-xylene (ex/em 4.94 eV/4.03 eV) were lower and the internal conversion energy difference (0.90 eV) was higher than those of m-xylene (ex/em 5.00 eV/4.60 eV) (0.4 eV) and o-xylene (ex/em 5.02 eV/4.64 eV) (0.377 eV). The order of theoretical emission and oscillator strength (0.0187 > 0.0175 > 0.0339) for p-xylene > o-xylene > m-xylene was observed to be in agreement with the experimental fluorescence intensities. These findings provide a novel fast method to distinguish isomers based on their photophysical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Khan¹,

Wu²,

Liu³

et al. 2018

R. Soc. open sci.

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“…These chemicals do no bioaccumulate significantly in aquatic organisms ( 20 – 23 ). Previous studies have described BTEX levels in general populations, but few studies have focused on residents of the Gulf states ( 6 , 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of blood volatile organic compound levels in Gulf coast residents

Werder

Gam

Lawrence

et al. 2017

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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To address concerns among Gulf Coast residents about ongoing exposures to volatile organic compounds, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, and m-/p- xylene (BTEX), we characterized current blood levels and identified predictors of BTEX among Gulf state residents.We collected questionnaire data on recent exposures and measured blood BTEX levels in a convenience sample of 718 Gulf residents. Because BTEX is rapidly cleared from the body, blood levels represent recent exposures in the past 24 hours. We compared participants’ levels of blood BTEX to a nationally representative sample. Among nonsmokers we assessed predictors of blood BTEX levels using linear regression, and predicted the risk of elevated BTEX levels using modified Poisson regression.Blood BTEX levels in Gulf residents were similar to national levels. Among nonsmokers, sex and reporting recent smoky/chemical odors predicted blood BTEX. The change in log benzene was −0.26 (95% CI: −0.47, −0.04) and 0.72 (0.02, 1.42) for women and those who reported odors, respectively. Season, time spent away from home, and self-reported residential proximity to Superfund sites (within a half mile) were statistically associated with benzene only, however mean concentration was nearly an order of magnitude below that of cigarette smokers.Among these Gulf residents, smoking was the primary contributor to blood BTEX levels, but other factors were also relevant.

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“…However, this aspect does not make them less dangerous for human health: Repetitive or ongoing exposure can lead to an increase of endogenous VOC levels in the body. Long-term exposure to VOCs may increase risk for some types of cancers and birth defects [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the US population of Louisiana, VOC levels in two subpopulations were also compared. Thirty VOCs were detected in blood samples with a descending frequency for benzene and m-, p-xylene, 1,4-dichlorbenzene and toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene [ 79 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Biomonitoring of Environmental and Occupational Exposures by GC-MS and Gas Sensor Systems: A Systematic Review

Longo

Forleo

Giampetruzzi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Environmental chemicals and contaminants coming from multiple external sources enter the human body, determining a potential risk for human health. Human biomonitoring (HBM), measuring the concentrations of biomarkers in human specimens, has become an emerging approach for assessing population-wide exposure to hazardous chemicals and health risk through large-scale studies in many countries. However, systematic mapping of HBM studies, including their characteristics, targeted hazardous pollutants, analytical techniques, and sample population (general population and occupationally exposed workers), has not been done so far. We conducted a systematic review of the literature related to airborne hazardous pollutants in biofluids to answer the following questions: Which main chemicals have been included in the literature, which bodily fluids have been used, and what are the main findings? Following PRISMA protocol, we summarized the publications published up to 4 February 2021 of studies based on two methods: gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electronic noses (e-noses). We screened 2606 records and 117 publications were included in the analysis, the most based on GC/MS analysis. The selected HBM studies include measurements of biomarkers in different bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, breast milk, and human semen as well as exhaled air. The papers cover numerous airborne hazardous pollutants that we grouped in chemical classes; a lot of hazardous and noxious compounds, mainly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have been detected in biological fluids at alarming levels. The scenario that emerged from this survey demonstrates the importance of HBM in human exposure to hazardous pollutants and the need to use it as valid tool in health surveillance. This systematic review represents a starting point for researchers who focus on the world of pollutant biomonitoring in the human body and gives them important insights into how to improve the methods based on GC/MS. Moreover, it makes a first overview of the use of gas sensor array and e-noses in HBM studies.

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Comparison of blood volatile organic compound levels in residents of Calcasieu and Lafayette Parishes, LA, with US reference ranges

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Fluorescence and photophysical properties of xylene isomers in water: with experimental and theoretical approaches

Predictors of blood volatile organic compound levels in Gulf coast residents

Human Biomonitoring of Environmental and Occupational Exposures by GC-MS and Gas Sensor Systems: A Systematic Review

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