Key Points
Question
Is living in a neighborhood with a high concentration of household and population features characteristic of lower socioeconomic status (ie, a neighborhood with high deprivation) associated with epigenetic age acceleration across first- and second-generation clock metrics?
Findings
This cross-sectional study comprised 2630 women who had a sister with breast cancer but had not had breast cancer themselves. Those living in areas with the greatest compared with least neighborhood deprivation had higher epigenetic age acceleration estimated by Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge clocks but not the Horvath clock.
Meaning
The results of this study suggest that residing in a neighborhood with a higher deprivation index appears to be reflected by methylation-based markers of aging.
Socioeconomic status has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, few studies have examined this relationship among populations in the US Gulf coast region. We assessed neighborhood deprivation in relation to obesity and diabetes in 9,626 Gulf residents participating in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study (2011 – current) who completed a home visit (2011 – 2013) with height, weight, waist and hip measurements. Obesity was categorized as body mass index ≥ 30 and diabetes was defined by doctor’s diagnosis or medication. Participant home addresses were linked to an established Area Deprivation Index and categorized into four levels (1=least deprived). In adjusted modified Poisson regression models, participants with greatest versus least deprivation were more likely to have obesity (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.35), central obesity (aPR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19), and diabetes (aPR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14). We repeated analyses among a subgroup (n=3,016) with hemoglobin a1c values measured in fingerstick samples taken 3 years later, and the association with diabetes (defined as diagnosis, medications or a1c ≥ 6.5) was similar (aPR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.86). Results suggest neighborhood deprivation is associated with obesity and diabetes in a region of the US with high baseline prevalence.
While no differences in lung function were found between workers and nonworkers, lung function was reduced among decontamination workers and workers with high exposure to burning oil/gas compared with unexposed workers.
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