Comparison of Biological and Chemical Predictors of Dermal Carcinogenicity of Petroleum Oils

Blackburn, Gary R.; Roy, Timothy A.; Bleicher, William T.; Reddy, M. Vijayaraj; Mackerer, Carl R.

doi:10.1080/10406639608544667

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It has been questioned whether the standard multidirectional 32 P-TLC method is sufficient for separation and characterization of DNA adducts of PACs (Beach and Gupta 1992;Phillips et al 1993), and it has been reported that the 32 P-TLC postlabeling method is not very accurate in distinguishing between carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic oils (Blackburn et al 1996). Other studies have shown a correlation between DNA adducts and mutagenicity when using the 32 P-TLC postlabeling technique (Reddy et al 1997;Booth et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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32 P-postlabeling of DNA adducts arising from complex mixtures: HPLC versus TLC separation applied to adducts from petroleum products

Eriksson

Zeisig

Ekström³

et al. 2004

Archives of Toxicology

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The carcinogenicity of petroleum products is mainly due to their content of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). These compounds may be activated metabolically and react with DNA to form DNA adducts, which is a critical event in the initiation of cancer. One of the most common techniques for analyzing DNA adducts is (32)P-postlabeling. The chromatographic method often used has been (32)P-TLC (thin-layer chromatography), but the more recently developed (32)P-HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method has shown advantages. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the (32)P-HPLC method has a better ability of detecting DNA adducts derived from petroleum products than (32)P-TLC. It was found that some DNA adducts migrated from the application point in (32)P-TLC in such a way that it is doubtful if they could be detected and quantified properly. It was also found that, when using (32)P-HPLC, it is possible to use the same protocol for substances with a wide variety of DNA adduct forming potential, whereas (32)P-TLC needs to be optimized regarding time of exposure and/or the amount of DNA applied. Further, a pattern of recognition in (32)P-HPLC enables a selective assessment of DNA adducts derived from complex mixtures whereas (32)P-TLC is very limited when analyzing complex mixtures due to poor resolution. With more knowledge about the properties of the most mutagenic DNA adducts in HPLC, it could be possible to know also which pattern corresponds to a mutagenic or carcinogenic oil. Consequently, (32)P-HPLC is a good alternative when assessing the genotoxicity of petroleum products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Examples are the modified Ames test, measurements of 3-to 7-ring PAC content, and different methods for analyzing DNA adducts (Roy et al 1988;Blackburn et al 1996;Booth et al 1998). Methods for analysis of DNA adducts include immunoassays, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and postlabeling .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

32 P-postlabeling of DNA adducts arising from complex mixtures: HPLC versus TLC separation applied to adducts from petroleum products

Eriksson

Zeisig

Ekström³

et al. 2004

Archives of Toxicology

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“…Workplace exposures were compared to tank fume condensates from the same bitumen source based on simulated distillation, UV fluorescence, PAC profile and selected ion GC/MS fingerprinting. Tank emissions were also tested for mutagenicity index (Blackburn et al 1984(Blackburn et al , 1996. The tank roofing and paving samples selected for skin painting closely matched the composition of worker exposure samples.…”

Section: Case Study 1 -Evaluating Carcinogenic Potential Of Bitumen Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This material showed significantly higher levels of 4-6 ring PACs [232 mg/kg], high fluorescence activity (336 EU/g) a mutagenicity index of 3.3 and the tumorigenic response was consistent with that seen previously (Niemeier et al 1988). Mutagenicity Index, derived using the modified Ames test (Blackburn 1984(Blackburn , 1996, is predictive of carcinogenic potential in mouse skin; complex petroleum substances with values >1.0 are considered to be carcinogenic, while those <1.0 are unlikely to be active.…”

Section: Case Study 1 -Evaluating Carcinogenic Potential Of Bitumen Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing cancer hazards of bitumen emissions – a case study for complex petroleum substances

Kriech¹,

Schreiner²,

Osborn³

et al. 2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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When assessing cancer hazard and risk associated with a complex petroleum substance, like bitumen emissions, there are often conflicting results related to human, animal and mechanistic studies. Validation of the complex composition to assure that it matches real-world exposures and control of confounders are pivotal factors in study design to allow the necessary read-across during assessments. Several key studies on bitumen emissions in two-year dermal cancer assays reported variable outcomes ranging from high cancer incidence to no cancer incidence. Here, we synthesize findings from published studies to explain the differences and discuss critical factors in cancer hazard evaluation for complex petroleum substances. Using these critical factors, we reviewed relevant human genetic toxicity, mammalian toxicity and mechanistic studies with bitumen to understand the divergence in results. We assess the most reliable and scientifically supported information on the potential carcinogenic hazards of bitumen emissions and comment on quality and completeness of data. Human hazard data are typically considered highest priority because they eliminate the need for interspecies extrapolation and reduce the range of high -to low-dose extrapolation during the risk assessment process. Finally, two well-conducted comprehensive animal studies are discussed that have well-defined test material, exposure concentration and composition representative of worker exposure, evidence of systemic uptake, no confounding exposures and provide consistency across all elements within both studies. Studies that allow effective read-across from human, animal and mechanistic components, control for confounders and are well-validated analytically against workplace exposures, provide the strongest evidence base for evaluating cancer hazard. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…However, in most known chemical methods, the pitch loses its technological properties and can no longer be used as an electrode binder. Such methods include acetoxylation of pitch by lead tetraacetate; treatment with strong oxidants (hydrogen peroxides, potassium bichromate [21]) or alkylating agents (5-6 carbon atoms) in the presence of Friedel-Crafts cat alysts [22,23]; and catalytic hydrogenation.…”

Section: Reducing the Carcinogenic Impact Of Pitch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the carcinogenic impact of pitch processing

Sidorov

2013

Coke Chem.

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Comparison of Biological and Chemical Predictors of Dermal Carcinogenicity of Petroleum Oils

Cited by 30 publications

References 8 publications

32 P-postlabeling of DNA adducts arising from complex mixtures: HPLC versus TLC separation applied to adducts from petroleum products

32 P-postlabeling of DNA adducts arising from complex mixtures: HPLC versus TLC separation applied to adducts from petroleum products

Assessing cancer hazards of bitumen emissions – a case study for complex petroleum substances

Reducing the carcinogenic impact of pitch processing

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