Comparison of azaperone–detomidine–butorphanol–ketamine and azaperone–tiletamine–zolazepam for anaesthesia in piglets

Heinonen, Mari; Raekallio, Marja; Oliviero, Claudio; Ahokas, Sanna; Peltoniemi, Olli

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2008.00443.x

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Veterinary Journal j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s e v i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / t v j l 1992; Sakaguchi et al, 1992Sakaguchi et al, , 1995Sakaguchi et al, , 1996Brodbelt and Taylor, 1999;Heinonen et al, 2009;Lee and Kim, 2012;Santos González et al, 2013). However, there are few reports of the use of dexmedetomidine and methadone in this species (Hermansen et al, 1986;Sano et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2015).…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Comparison of ketamine–dexmedetomidine–methadone and tiletamine–zolazepam–methadone combinations for short-term anaesthesia in domestic pigs

Monte

Staffieri

Meo

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Journal

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Cardiorespiratory effects, quality of induction, depth of anaesthesia and quality of recovery were compared in pigs anaesthetised with 8 mg/kg ketamine, 20 µg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.2 mg/kg methadone (KDM, n = 18) or 8 mg/kg tiletamine-zolazepam and 0.2 mg/kg methadone (TZM, n = 9). Anaesthesia with KDM was partially reversed in nine animals with 0.2 mg/kg atipamezole (KDMat). Sedation was observed earlier in the TZM group (47.2 ± 25.3 s) than the KDM group (91.5 ± 37.4 s). Sternal and lateral recumbency were achieved earlier in the TZM group (76.3 ± 36.5 s and 132.1 ± 30.5 s, respectively) than in the KDM group (149.1 ± 58.7 s and 249.2 ± 84.0 s, respectively). PaO2, SaO2 and PaO2:FiO2 were lower in the TZM group (68.7 ± 4.1 mmHg, 93.4 ± 1.4% and 327.2 ± 19.9 mmHg, respectively) than in the KDM group (80.4 ± 5.9 mmHg, 95.7 ± 1.0% and 380.4 ± 25.6 mmHg, respectively). Fshunt and P(A-a)O2 were higher in the TZM group (24.0 ± 11.8% and 31.4 ± 3.8 mmHg, respectively) than in the KDM group (13.4 ± 3.2% and 20.7 ± 7.4 mmHg, respectively). Times from drug injection to first head movements, sternal recumbency and standing/walking were significantly shorter in the KDM group (45.1 ± 10.5, 48.4 ± 12.6 and 54.4 ± 17.8 min, respectively) than in the TZM group (57.8 ± 11.4, 93.1 ± 14.2 and 165.7 ± 56.6 min, respectively). The median recovery score was higher in the TZM group than in the KDMnoat and KDMat subgroups. Both drug combinations provided adequate anaesthesia for minor procedures lasting about 30 min, but TZM was associated with a poor recovery and oxygenation.

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Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Pigs are difficult to handle and restrain due to their temperament and resistance to sedative drug combinations (Brodbelt and Taylor, 1999;Heinonen et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010;Linkenhoker et al, 2010). Restraint for IM administration of drugs seems to be less stressful than for intravenous (IV) injection (Henrikson et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparison of ketamine–dexmedetomidine–methadone and tiletamine–zolazepam–methadone combinations for short-term anaesthesia in domestic pigs

Monte

Staffieri

Meo

et al. 2015

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Physical restraint is difficult in pigs and a source of stress. Furthermore, the placement of an intravenous catheter is challenging if the animal is not properly sedated [18,19]. Therefore, sedatives are generally administered intramuscularly in pigs [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the Piglet Grimace Scale (PGS) a Useful Welfare Indicator to Assess Pain after Cryptorchidectomy in Growing Pigs?

Vullo

Barbieri

Colella

et al. 2020

Animals

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Pig cryptorchidism is a congenital anomaly, which requires surgical intervention. Pain assessment in pig farming has some limitations and consumers are increasingly concerned about suffering linked to on-farm procedures. The PGS seems to be a promising tool for pain assessment in piglets, although it has not been investigated whether this tool is applicable to growing pigs. This study was designed to determine whether the PGS could be useful to assess pain in growing pigs undergoing on-farm cryptorchidectomy. Ten mixed-breed cryptorchid pigs were pre-medicated with azaperone and ketamine. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using IV sodium based. Pigs were filmed pre- and 6 h post-surgery to evaluate their behavior (scan sampling every minute). Besides, 36 pictures of the face expressions (18 pre- and 18 6 h post-surgery) were scored with the PGS by three treatment-blind observers. The pre-surgery pig’s activity ratio was 59%, while it was 2% 6 h post-surgery. While the PGS inter-observer reliability was excellent (Interclass Correlation Coefficient value of 0.87), the PGS score increased significantly in pigs 6 h post-surgery (Paired sample t-test, p = 0.02). The PGS proved to be a potentially effective method to assess pain associated with cryptorchidectomy. However, further validation studies are required to validate this tool for other potentially painful procedures.

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“…The ketamine dose, together with that of azaperone and butorphanol used in this study, were chosen based on data published by Nussbaumer et al, 2011. The dose range of racemic ketamine used in other studies varies from 8 mg/kg BW to 25 mg/kg BW (Boschert et al, 1996;Lahrmann et al, 2005;Axiak, 2007;Nussbaumer et al, 2008;Heinonen et al, 2009). It is likely that, with an initially higher dose of ketamine, our pigs would have been more deeply anaesthetised; however, this would also have potentially resulted in prolonged and poorer quality recoveries, and potentially dangerous cardiopulmonary depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is likely that, with an initially higher dose of ketamine, our pigs would have been more deeply anaesthetised; however, this would also have potentially resulted in prolonged and poorer quality recoveries, and potentially dangerous cardiopulmonary depression. The scores used to objectively evaluate the anaesthetic and analgesic state of the tested pigs were a combination of previously described scores (Nishimura et al, 1993;Heinonen et al, 2009;Leidig et al, 2009). As only movement of legs was scored a positive response, problems arose when animals only "twitched", but did not actually move a body part, or if they only moved their head or twitched their tongue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racemic ketamine in comparison to S-ketamine in combination with azaperone and butorphanol for castration of pigs

Bettschart‐Wolfensberger¹,

Stauffer²,

Hässig³

et al. 2013

Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde

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In this prospective blinded randomised study, 28 male 9 week old pigs of bodyweight 25 kg, were anaesthetised for castration using 5 mg/kg azaperone, 0.2 mg/kg butorphanol and 0.4 mg/kg meloxicam, in conjunction with either 15 mg/kg racemic ketamine (Keta-Race) or 9 mg/kg S-ketamine (S-Keta), all drugs being injected intramuscularly. Anaesthesia induction, maintenance and recovery were timed and scored. Insufficient anaesthesia was supplemented with ¼ the initial dose of ketamine or S-ketamine, respectively, administered intravenously. A t-test was utilised for analysis of timings, and, for repeated recovery time data, ANOVA was used. In relation to quantification and timing of supplemental drug doses, a chi square test was used and the scoring was analysed by two sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Ketamine re-dosing was required in 23 animals on a total of 46 occasions distributed evenly throughout both groups. The only group differences occurred during recovery, with the S-Keta group showing earlier movements, sternal recumbency and ability to stand. Three pigs in each group showed muscle fasciculations during the recovery period, while an additional two animals of the Keta-Race group exhibited marked and unacceptable paddling in recovery. In conclusion, S-ketamine at a dose rate of 60 % of that of racemic ketamine induced comparable anaesthesia for castration in pigs, but with superior recovery characteristics.

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Comparison of azaperone–detomidine–butorphanol–ketamine and azaperone–tiletamine–zolazepam for anaesthesia in piglets

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of ketamine–dexmedetomidine–methadone and tiletamine–zolazepam–methadone combinations for short-term anaesthesia in domestic pigs

Comparison of ketamine–dexmedetomidine–methadone and tiletamine–zolazepam–methadone combinations for short-term anaesthesia in domestic pigs

Is the Piglet Grimace Scale (PGS) a Useful Welfare Indicator to Assess Pain after Cryptorchidectomy in Growing Pigs?

Racemic ketamine in comparison to S-ketamine in combination with azaperone and butorphanol for castration of pigs

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