“…Both autologous serum and umbilical cord serum owe their efficacy to the presence of various growth factors, like EGF, acidic and FGF, PDGF, hepatocyte growth factor, vitamin A, transforming growth factor (TGF)-, substance P, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, nerve growth factor (NGF), fibronectin, and serum antiproteases, such as ␣2-macroglobulin [19][20][21]. The concentrations of EGF, TGF-, and NGF are several times higher in umbilical cord serum than peripheral blood serum [22,23].…”